This book Business Organisation and Management is designed in two parts. The first part covers Business Organisation. The second part covers the important topics on Principles of Management.
Cover
Halftitle Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Part - 1: Business Organisation
Chapter 1: Business Foundations
Definitions
Characteristics of Business
Objectives of Business
Economic Objectives
Organic Objectives
Social Objectives
Human Objectives
National Objectives
Global Objectives
Environmental Objectives
Importance of Business
Pre-requisites for Success in Business
Determination of Objectives
Planning
Organisation
Estimating Financial Requirement and Mobilising the Funds
Proper Location, Layout and Size
Efficient Marketing System
Investment in Research and Development
Development of Human Potential
Dynamic Leadership
Continuous Monitoring of Environment
Ethical Practice
Businessman – Qualities Required
Essential Qualities of a Successful Businessman
Business Risks
Nature of Business Risks
Causes of Risks
Methods of Dealing with Risks
Role of Profit in Business
Source of Livelihood
Growth of Business
Index of Performance
Reward for Risk Bearing
Building up Image
Review Questions
Chapter 2: Evolution of Business
Household Economy
Barter Economy
Defects of Barter System
Evolution of Money
Town Economy
International Trade
Globalisation
Evolution of Industry
Handicraft System
Guilds
Domestic System
Industrial Revolution
Impact of Technology on Industry in Information Era
Industrialisation in India
Business Environment
Factors Influencing Business Environment
Recent Trends in Business
Review Questions
Chapter 3: Forms of Organisation
Forms of Organisation
Non-corporate Enterprise
A Sole Trader or Sole Proprietorship
Features
Merits
Demerits
Survival of Sole Trader Form of Organisation
Suitability of Sole Proprietorship
Other Merits Favouring Individual Proprietorship
Partnership
Definitions
Characteristics of Partnership
Characteristics – Legal
Features of Partnership
Merits and Drawbacks of Partnership
Types of Partners
Types of Partnership
Partnership Deed
Registration of Partnership
Rights, Duties and Liabilities of Partners
Implied Authority of Partners
Dissolution of Partnership
Snapshot of Types of Partners
Joint Hindu Family Business – Meaning and Features
Review Questions
Chapter 4: Joint Stock Company
Definitions
Characteristics of a Company
Merits of Joint Stock Company
Limitations of Joint Stock Companies
Distinction between Partnership and Company Form of Organisation
Distinction between Company and Cooperative Society
Classification of Companies
Classification of Companies on the Basis of Incorporation
Classification of Companies on the Basis of Membership
Classification of Companies on the Basis of Liability
Classification of Companies on the Basis of Control
Classification of Companies on the Basis of Nationality
Distinction between Private Company and Public Company
Privileges of an Independent Private Company
Choice of Form of Business Enterprise
Evaluation of Different Forms of Business Ownership
Review Questions
Chapter 5: Cooperative Organisation
Cooperative Organisation
Definition and Meaning
Features of Cooperative Organisation
Advantages of Cooperative Societies
Limitations of Cooperative Societies
Organisation and Management of a Cooperative Societies
Types of Cooperatives
Producers’ Cooperatives or Industrial Cooperatives
Industrial Cooperatives or Processing Cooperatives
Marketing Cooperatives
Consumer Cooperatives
Housing Cooperatives
Cooperative Farming Societies
Distinction between Cooperative Organisation and Company
Review Questions
Chapter 6; Public Enterprises
Introduction
Definition
Objectives of Public Enterprises
All-round Industrialisation
Basic Industries
Heavy Investment
Necessities
Priority Sectors
Balanced Economic Growth
Exploitation of Natural Resources
Preventing Concentration of Economic Power
Employment
Enhancing Government Resources
Establishing Socialistic Pattern of Society
Forms of Organisation of Public Enterprises
Departmental Organisation
Public Corporation
Government Company
Reforms in Public Sector
Main Elements of Government Policy, 1991
Public Accountability
Public Accountability of Public Sector Undertakings
Features of Public Accountability
Review Questions
Chapter 7: Multi National Companies (MNCs)
Various Names of Multi National Company
Definitions
Models of Multi National Corporation
Centralized Model
Regional Model
Multi National Model
Features of MNCs
Organisational Designs of MNCs
Vertical Integration
Horizontal Integration
Horizontal Differentiation
Types of Organisational Structures
Functional Structure
International Division Structure
Geographic (Area) Division Structure
Product Division
Matrix Division
Advantages of MNCs
Drawbacks of MNCs
Drawback of Host Countries
Drawbacks to Home Country
Applicability of MNC Concept
Review Questions
Chapter 8: Size of Business Units and Scale of Operations
Meaning of Plant, Firm and Industry
Plant
Firm
Industry
Measurement of a Size of Business Units
Input Method
Output Method
Factors Determining the Size of a Business
Small is Beautiful: How and Why Small Firms Survive?
Benefits of Large-scale Operation
Economies in Production
Economies in Management
Economies in Finance
Economies in Marketing
Disadvantages of Large Sized Business Units
The Concept of Optimum Firm
Factors Determining Optimum Size
Equilibrium Firm
Representative Firm
Small Scale Operations
Advantages of Small Scale Operations
Drawbacks of Small Scale Operations
Review Questions
Chapter 9: Small Scale Industries
Introduction
Characteristics of SSI
Types of SSI
Definition
Manufacturing Sector
Service Sector
Historical Definitions
Definitions of Small Industry: An Overview
Advantages / Significance of SSI
Drawbacks of SSIs
Problems of SSIs
Role of Small Business in Rural India
Measures for Solving Problems of SSIs
Government Schemes and Agencies for Small Scale Industries
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
The Rural Small Business Development Centre (RSBDC)
National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS)
Rural and Women Entrepreneurship Development (RWED)
World Association for Small and Medium Enterprises (WASME)
Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI)
District Industries Centre (DIC)
Incentives Offered by Government
Review Questions
Chapter 10: Social Responsibilities of Business
Introduction
Social Responsibility Strategies
Definitions
Social Responsibility to Stakeholders
Responsibility to Owners (Shareholders)
Responsibility to its Employees
Responsibility towards Consumers
Responsibility to the Community and the Society
Responsibility to Government
Social Responsibility: A Discussion
Arguments for Social Responsibility
Arguments Against Social Involvement
Business Ethics
Code of Business Ethics
The Importance of Business Ethics
Role of Trade Associations in Promoting Business Ethics
Code of Business Ethics
Educating the Members of the Trade Association
Review Questions
Chapter 11: Franchising and Networking
Modes of Franchising
Development of Franchising System
Advantages of Franchising
Drawbacks
Evaluation of Franchise System
Networking
Definition
Sources of Networking
Popular Networking Forums for Entrepreneur
Industry Associations
Special Interest Groups
Community Forums
Process of Networking
Approaches to Entrepreneurial Network
Good Networking Practices
Review Questions
Chapter 12: E-Commerce
E-Commerce
Significance of E-Commerce
E-Commerce Domains
Prerequisites for E-Commerce
E-Commerce Portal
Revenue Model
Electronic Catalogue
Shopping Cart
Payment Gateway
Delivery Mechanism
Review Questions
Part - 2: Management Principles
Chapter 13: Business Management Concepts
Introduction
Meaning of Management
Definitions of Management
Features of Management
Management and Administration
Management— An Art or Science: A Debate
Management as an Art
Management as a Science
Conclusion
Management as a Profession
Attributes of Profession
Conclusion
Additional Barriers to get Recognition as Profession
Levels of Management
Managerial Skills
Role of Manager
Importance of Management
Importance to the Organization
Importance to Economy
Scope of Management or Functional Areas of Management
Production Management
Marketing Management
Financial Management
Human Resource Management
Functions of Management
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Controlling
Coordination
Management by Exception (MBE)
Optimum Utilization of High Paid Executives
Accomplishment of Significant Feature
Training to Junior and Operational Managers
All Round Growth of an Organization
MBE – Prerequisite to Concept of Deligation
Summary Chart
Review Questions
Chapter 14: Evolution of Management Concepts
Introduction
Pre-Scientific Management Era (Before 1980)
Schools of Management Thought or Approaches to Management
Contributions to Management Thought
Henry Fayol
FW. Taylor Scientific Management
Max Webers Theory of Bureaucracy
Highlights of Weber’s Contribution
Mary Follet’s Philosophy of Management
Contribution of Douglas McGregor
Contributions of Peter F. Drucker
Frank Bunker Gilbreth’s Contribution to Management Thought
George Elton Mayo’s Contribution to Management Thought
Emerson’s Contribution to Management Thought
Contributions of Oliver Sheldon
B.S. Rountree’s Contribution to Management
Henry Lawrence Gantt’s Contribution to Management
Chester I Bernard’s Contribution to Management
Summary Chart
Recent Developments in Management Thoughts
Review Questions
Chapter 15: Planning
Definitions of Planning
Nature of Planning
Constitutional Features
Operational Features
Desirable Features
Importance of Planning
Obstacles to Planning or Limitations of Planning
Steps to Make Plans Effective
Process of Planning
Approaches to Planning
Review Questions
Chapter 16: Decision Making
Introduction
Definitions of Decision Making
Features of Managerial Decisions
Characteristics of Decision Making
Types of Decisions
Procedures
Decision on the Basis of Beneficiary
Decisions Based on Activity
Decisions Based on Nature
Decisions on the Basis of Responsibility
Decisions Based on Number of Persons
Importance/Advantages of Decision Making
Identification of Problem
Analysis of Problem
Examination of the Problem
Evolving Alternative Courses of Action
Evaluation of Alternatives
Selection of the Best Course
Implementation
Chapter Snapshot
Review Questions
Chapter 17: Strategy
Definitions
Features of Strategy
Strategies and Tactics
Levels of Strategy
Corporate Level Strategy
Business Level Strategy
Function Level Strategy
Strategy Formulation
Strategy Implementation
Review Questions
Chapter 18: OrganiZation and Organization Structure
Introduction
Definitions of Organization
Nature of Organization
Process of Designing the Organization
Principles of Organization
Overall Principles
Structural Principles
Operational Principles
Theories of Organization
Classical Theory
Human Relation Approach
Systems Theory
Contingency Approach
Organization Structure
Characteristics
Importance
Factors Influencing Organization Structure
Designing an Organizational Structure
Types of Organization Structure
Review Questions
Chapter 19: Types of Organization
Formal and Informal Organization
Formal Organization
Informal Organization
Types of Organization
Line Organization
Functional Organization
Line and Staff Organization
Committee Organization
Team Based Organization
Project Organization
Matrix Organization
Boundaryless Organization
Review Questions
Chapter 20: Authority and Responsibility
Authority
Definitions of Authority
Characteristics
Types of Authority
Line Authority
Staff Authority
Functional Authority
Authority and Power
Responsibility
Characteristics
Accountability
Review Questions
Chapter 21: Delegation and Decentralization
Delegation
Definitions of ‘Delegation of Authority’
Meaning
Principles Governing Delegation
Process of Delegation and Elements of Delegation
Advantages of Delegation
Problems (Obstacles) in Delegation
Decentralization of Authority
Meaning
Characteristics of Decentralization
Distinction between Delegation and Decentralization
Advantages of Decentralization
Disadvantages of Decentralization
Factors that Determine the Degree of Decentralization of Authority
Summary Chart
Centralization
Advantages (Pros) of Centralization
Disadvantages (Cons) of Centralization of Authority
Summary Chart
Review Questions
Chapter 22: Directing
Introduction
Definitions
Features of Directing
Techniques of Direction
Importance of Direction
Principles of Direction
Review Questions
Chapter 23: Leadership
Introduction
Definitions of Leadership
Qualities of Leadership
Qualities of Good Leadership
Functions of Managerial Leadership
Need for Leadership and its importance
Differences between Leader and Boss
Styles of Leadership
Autocratic Style
Participative or Democratic Style
Free-Rein Style or Laissez Faire Style
Paternalistic Leadership Style
Theories of Leadership or Approaches to Leadership
Great Man Theory (Approach)
Traits Theory (Approach)
Behavioural Theory (Approach)
Managerial Grid Theory
Review Questions
Chapter 24: Motivation and Morale
Motivation
Definitions of Motivation
Theories of Motivation
Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchical Needs
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Maslow’s Theory and Herzberg’s Theory – A Comparison
Douglas McGregor’s X Theory and Y Theory
Morale
Promotion of Employee Morale
Determinants of Morale
Review Questions
Chapter 25: Communication
Nature and Scope of Business Communication
Definitions of Communication
Characteristics of Communication
Process of Communication
Components of the Communication Process
Principles of Communication
Means of Communication
Verbal Communication
Non-Verbal Communication
Dimensions or Directions or Flow of Communication
Downward Communication
Upward Communication
Horizontal Communication
Diagonal or Multidimensional Communication
Formal and Informal Communication
Formal Communication
Informal Communication or Grapevine
Barriers to Communication
Mechanical Barriers
Physical Barriers
Psychological Barriers
Semantic and Language Barriers
Interpersonal Barriers
Cross-cultural Barriers
Organizational Barriers
Measures to Overcome Communication Barriers
Review Questions
Chapter 26: Coordination
Introduction
Definitions
Features of Coordination
Principles of Coordination
Importance of Coordination / Benefits of Coordination
Constraints to Coordinations / Problems Encountered in Achieving Coordination
Steps for Effective Coordination
Techniques of Coordination
Types of Coordination
Coordination and Managerial Function
Review Questions
Chapter 27: Control
Introduction
Definitions of Controlling
Need for Control or Importance of Control
Types of Controls
Control Based on Time
Control Based on Managerial Hierarchy
Measures to Address Opposition to Control Measures
Steps in Controlling Process
Memory Chart
Review Questions
Index
Dr. K Sundar is Professor, Department of Commerce, Annamalai University. He has over 25 years of UG and PG teaching experience. A prolific author, he has contributed 100 articles in national and international journals. He has authored books including Business Communication, Principles of Management, Human Resource Management, Organisation Behaviour, Business Ethics, Business Management, Business Organisation, Entrepreneurship Development, Human Resource Development and Auditing.
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Description
This book Business Organisation and Management is designed in two parts. The first part covers Business Organisation. The second part covers the important topics on Principles of Management.
Table of contents
Cover
Halftitle Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Part - 1: Business Organisation
Chapter 1: Business Foundations
Definitions
Characteristics of Business
Objectives of Business
Economic Objectives
Organic Objectives
Social Objectives
Human Objectives
National Objectives
Global Objectives
Environmental Objectives
Importance of Business
Pre-requisites for Success in Business
Determination of Objectives
Planning
Organisation
Estimating Financial Requirement and Mobilising the Funds
Proper Location, Layout and Size
Efficient Marketing System
Investment in Research and Development
Development of Human Potential
Dynamic Leadership
Continuous Monitoring of Environment
Ethical Practice
Businessman – Qualities Required
Essential Qualities of a Successful Businessman
Business Risks
Nature of Business Risks
Causes of Risks
Methods of Dealing with Risks
Role of Profit in Business
Source of Livelihood
Growth of Business
Index of Performance
Reward for Risk Bearing
Building up Image
Review Questions
Chapter 2: Evolution of Business
Household Economy
Barter Economy
Defects of Barter System
Evolution of Money
Town Economy
International Trade
Globalisation
Evolution of Industry
Handicraft System
Guilds
Domestic System
Industrial Revolution
Impact of Technology on Industry in Information Era
Industrialisation in India
Business Environment
Factors Influencing Business Environment
Recent Trends in Business
Review Questions
Chapter 3: Forms of Organisation
Forms of Organisation
Non-corporate Enterprise
A Sole Trader or Sole Proprietorship
Features
Merits
Demerits
Survival of Sole Trader Form of Organisation
Suitability of Sole Proprietorship
Other Merits Favouring Individual Proprietorship
Partnership
Definitions
Characteristics of Partnership
Characteristics – Legal
Features of Partnership
Merits and Drawbacks of Partnership
Types of Partners
Types of Partnership
Partnership Deed
Registration of Partnership
Rights, Duties and Liabilities of Partners
Implied Authority of Partners
Dissolution of Partnership
Snapshot of Types of Partners
Joint Hindu Family Business – Meaning and Features
Review Questions
Chapter 4: Joint Stock Company
Definitions
Characteristics of a Company
Merits of Joint Stock Company
Limitations of Joint Stock Companies
Distinction between Partnership and Company Form of Organisation
Distinction between Company and Cooperative Society
Classification of Companies
Classification of Companies on the Basis of Incorporation
Classification of Companies on the Basis of Membership
Classification of Companies on the Basis of Liability
Classification of Companies on the Basis of Control
Classification of Companies on the Basis of Nationality
Distinction between Private Company and Public Company
Privileges of an Independent Private Company
Choice of Form of Business Enterprise
Evaluation of Different Forms of Business Ownership
Review Questions
Chapter 5: Cooperative Organisation
Cooperative Organisation
Definition and Meaning
Features of Cooperative Organisation
Advantages of Cooperative Societies
Limitations of Cooperative Societies
Organisation and Management of a Cooperative Societies
Types of Cooperatives
Producers’ Cooperatives or Industrial Cooperatives
Industrial Cooperatives or Processing Cooperatives
Marketing Cooperatives
Consumer Cooperatives
Housing Cooperatives
Cooperative Farming Societies
Distinction between Cooperative Organisation and Company
Review Questions
Chapter 6; Public Enterprises
Introduction
Definition
Objectives of Public Enterprises
All-round Industrialisation
Basic Industries
Heavy Investment
Necessities
Priority Sectors
Balanced Economic Growth
Exploitation of Natural Resources
Preventing Concentration of Economic Power
Employment
Enhancing Government Resources
Establishing Socialistic Pattern of Society
Forms of Organisation of Public Enterprises
Departmental Organisation
Public Corporation
Government Company
Reforms in Public Sector
Main Elements of Government Policy, 1991
Public Accountability
Public Accountability of Public Sector Undertakings
Features of Public Accountability
Review Questions
Chapter 7: Multi National Companies (MNCs)
Various Names of Multi National Company
Definitions
Models of Multi National Corporation
Centralized Model
Regional Model
Multi National Model
Features of MNCs
Organisational Designs of MNCs
Vertical Integration
Horizontal Integration
Horizontal Differentiation
Types of Organisational Structures
Functional Structure
International Division Structure
Geographic (Area) Division Structure
Product Division
Matrix Division
Advantages of MNCs
Drawbacks of MNCs
Drawback of Host Countries
Drawbacks to Home Country
Applicability of MNC Concept
Review Questions
Chapter 8: Size of Business Units and Scale of Operations
Meaning of Plant, Firm and Industry
Plant
Firm
Industry
Measurement of a Size of Business Units
Input Method
Output Method
Factors Determining the Size of a Business
Small is Beautiful: How and Why Small Firms Survive?
Benefits of Large-scale Operation
Economies in Production
Economies in Management
Economies in Finance
Economies in Marketing
Disadvantages of Large Sized Business Units
The Concept of Optimum Firm
Factors Determining Optimum Size
Equilibrium Firm
Representative Firm
Small Scale Operations
Advantages of Small Scale Operations
Drawbacks of Small Scale Operations
Review Questions
Chapter 9: Small Scale Industries
Introduction
Characteristics of SSI
Types of SSI
Definition
Manufacturing Sector
Service Sector
Historical Definitions
Definitions of Small Industry: An Overview
Advantages / Significance of SSI
Drawbacks of SSIs
Problems of SSIs
Role of Small Business in Rural India
Measures for Solving Problems of SSIs
Government Schemes and Agencies for Small Scale Industries
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
The Rural Small Business Development Centre (RSBDC)
National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS)
Rural and Women Entrepreneurship Development (RWED)
World Association for Small and Medium Enterprises (WASME)
Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI)
District Industries Centre (DIC)
Incentives Offered by Government
Review Questions
Chapter 10: Social Responsibilities of Business
Introduction
Social Responsibility Strategies
Definitions
Social Responsibility to Stakeholders
Responsibility to Owners (Shareholders)
Responsibility to its Employees
Responsibility towards Consumers
Responsibility to the Community and the Society
Responsibility to Government
Social Responsibility: A Discussion
Arguments for Social Responsibility
Arguments Against Social Involvement
Business Ethics
Code of Business Ethics
The Importance of Business Ethics
Role of Trade Associations in Promoting Business Ethics
Code of Business Ethics
Educating the Members of the Trade Association
Review Questions
Chapter 11: Franchising and Networking
Modes of Franchising
Development of Franchising System
Advantages of Franchising
Drawbacks
Evaluation of Franchise System
Networking
Definition
Sources of Networking
Popular Networking Forums for Entrepreneur
Industry Associations
Special Interest Groups
Community Forums
Process of Networking
Approaches to Entrepreneurial Network
Good Networking Practices
Review Questions
Chapter 12: E-Commerce
E-Commerce
Significance of E-Commerce
E-Commerce Domains
Prerequisites for E-Commerce
E-Commerce Portal
Revenue Model
Electronic Catalogue
Shopping Cart
Payment Gateway
Delivery Mechanism
Review Questions
Part - 2: Management Principles
Chapter 13: Business Management Concepts
Introduction
Meaning of Management
Definitions of Management
Features of Management
Management and Administration
Management— An Art or Science: A Debate
Management as an Art
Management as a Science
Conclusion
Management as a Profession
Attributes of Profession
Conclusion
Additional Barriers to get Recognition as Profession
Levels of Management
Managerial Skills
Role of Manager
Importance of Management
Importance to the Organization
Importance to Economy
Scope of Management or Functional Areas of Management
Production Management
Marketing Management
Financial Management
Human Resource Management
Functions of Management
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Controlling
Coordination
Management by Exception (MBE)
Optimum Utilization of High Paid Executives
Accomplishment of Significant Feature
Training to Junior and Operational Managers
All Round Growth of an Organization
MBE – Prerequisite to Concept of Deligation
Summary Chart
Review Questions
Chapter 14: Evolution of Management Concepts
Introduction
Pre-Scientific Management Era (Before 1980)
Schools of Management Thought or Approaches to Management
Contributions to Management Thought
Henry Fayol
FW. Taylor Scientific Management
Max Webers Theory of Bureaucracy
Highlights of Weber’s Contribution
Mary Follet’s Philosophy of Management
Contribution of Douglas McGregor
Contributions of Peter F. Drucker
Frank Bunker Gilbreth’s Contribution to Management Thought
George Elton Mayo’s Contribution to Management Thought
Emerson’s Contribution to Management Thought
Contributions of Oliver Sheldon
B.S. Rountree’s Contribution to Management
Henry Lawrence Gantt’s Contribution to Management
Chester I Bernard’s Contribution to Management
Summary Chart
Recent Developments in Management Thoughts
Review Questions
Chapter 15: Planning
Definitions of Planning
Nature of Planning
Constitutional Features
Operational Features
Desirable Features
Importance of Planning
Obstacles to Planning or Limitations of Planning
Steps to Make Plans Effective
Process of Planning
Approaches to Planning
Review Questions
Chapter 16: Decision Making
Introduction
Definitions of Decision Making
Features of Managerial Decisions
Characteristics of Decision Making
Types of Decisions
Procedures
Decision on the Basis of Beneficiary
Decisions Based on Activity
Decisions Based on Nature
Decisions on the Basis of Responsibility
Decisions Based on Number of Persons
Importance/Advantages of Decision Making
Identification of Problem
Analysis of Problem
Examination of the Problem
Evolving Alternative Courses of Action
Evaluation of Alternatives
Selection of the Best Course
Implementation
Chapter Snapshot
Review Questions
Chapter 17: Strategy
Definitions
Features of Strategy
Strategies and Tactics
Levels of Strategy
Corporate Level Strategy
Business Level Strategy
Function Level Strategy
Strategy Formulation
Strategy Implementation
Review Questions
Chapter 18: OrganiZation and Organization Structure
Introduction
Definitions of Organization
Nature of Organization
Process of Designing the Organization
Principles of Organization
Overall Principles
Structural Principles
Operational Principles
Theories of Organization
Classical Theory
Human Relation Approach
Systems Theory
Contingency Approach
Organization Structure
Characteristics
Importance
Factors Influencing Organization Structure
Designing an Organizational Structure
Types of Organization Structure
Review Questions
Chapter 19: Types of Organization
Formal and Informal Organization
Formal Organization
Informal Organization
Types of Organization
Line Organization
Functional Organization
Line and Staff Organization
Committee Organization
Team Based Organization
Project Organization
Matrix Organization
Boundaryless Organization
Review Questions
Chapter 20: Authority and Responsibility
Authority
Definitions of Authority
Characteristics
Types of Authority
Line Authority
Staff Authority
Functional Authority
Authority and Power
Responsibility
Characteristics
Accountability
Review Questions
Chapter 21: Delegation and Decentralization
Delegation
Definitions of ‘Delegation of Authority’
Meaning
Principles Governing Delegation
Process of Delegation and Elements of Delegation
Advantages of Delegation
Problems (Obstacles) in Delegation
Decentralization of Authority
Meaning
Characteristics of Decentralization
Distinction between Delegation and Decentralization
Advantages of Decentralization
Disadvantages of Decentralization
Factors that Determine the Degree of Decentralization of Authority
Summary Chart
Centralization
Advantages (Pros) of Centralization
Disadvantages (Cons) of Centralization of Authority
Summary Chart
Review Questions
Chapter 22: Directing
Introduction
Definitions
Features of Directing
Techniques of Direction
Importance of Direction
Principles of Direction
Review Questions
Chapter 23: Leadership
Introduction
Definitions of Leadership
Qualities of Leadership
Qualities of Good Leadership
Functions of Managerial Leadership
Need for Leadership and its importance
Differences between Leader and Boss
Styles of Leadership
Autocratic Style
Participative or Democratic Style
Free-Rein Style or Laissez Faire Style
Paternalistic Leadership Style
Theories of Leadership or Approaches to Leadership
Great Man Theory (Approach)
Traits Theory (Approach)
Behavioural Theory (Approach)
Managerial Grid Theory
Review Questions
Chapter 24: Motivation and Morale
Motivation
Definitions of Motivation
Theories of Motivation
Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchical Needs
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Maslow’s Theory and Herzberg’s Theory – A Comparison
Douglas McGregor’s X Theory and Y Theory
Morale
Promotion of Employee Morale
Determinants of Morale
Review Questions
Chapter 25: Communication
Nature and Scope of Business Communication
Definitions of Communication
Characteristics of Communication
Process of Communication
Components of the Communication Process
Principles of Communication
Means of Communication
Verbal Communication
Non-Verbal Communication
Dimensions or Directions or Flow of Communication
Downward Communication
Upward Communication
Horizontal Communication
Diagonal or Multidimensional Communication
Formal and Informal Communication
Formal Communication
Informal Communication or Grapevine
Barriers to Communication
Mechanical Barriers
Physical Barriers
Psychological Barriers
Semantic and Language Barriers
Interpersonal Barriers
Cross-cultural Barriers
Organizational Barriers
Measures to Overcome Communication Barriers
Review Questions
Chapter 26: Coordination
Introduction
Definitions
Features of Coordination
Principles of Coordination
Importance of Coordination / Benefits of Coordination
Constraints to Coordinations / Problems Encountered in Achieving Coordination
Steps for Effective Coordination
Techniques of Coordination
Types of Coordination
Coordination and Managerial Function
Review Questions
Chapter 27: Control
Introduction
Definitions of Controlling
Need for Control or Importance of Control
Types of Controls
Control Based on Time
Control Based on Managerial Hierarchy
Measures to Address Opposition to Control Measures
Steps in Controlling Process
Memory Chart
Review Questions
Index
Biographical note
Dr. K Sundar is Professor, Department of Commerce, Annamalai University. He has over 25 years of UG and PG teaching experience. A prolific author, he has contributed 100 articles in national and international journals. He has authored books including Business Communication, Principles of Management, Human Resource Management, Organisation Behaviour, Business Ethics, Business Management, Business Organisation, Entrepreneurship Development, Human Resource Development and Auditing.