Engineering Materials and Metallurgy

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Published by Vijay Nicole Imprints Private Limited

Publication Date: Mon Oct 01 00:00:00 UTC 2018 Available in all formats

ISBN: 9789394524286

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Table of contents

Biographical note

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This best-selling textbook, now in its fourth edition, revised to address the requirements of latest Anna University regulations, continues to provide a thorough understanding of structure and properties of engineering materials.

Cover
About the Author
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
THE FUNDAMENTALS
- Chapter 1 Introduction
  - What is Material
  - Engineering Materials
    - Metallic Materials
    - Non-metallic Materials
    - Composites
  - History of Materials
  - Materials and Engineering
  - Branches of Metallurgy
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 2 Structure of Materials
  - Atomic Structure
    - Electronic Structure of the Atom
    - Atomic Bonding
    - Bonding and Properties
  - Structure of Solids
    - Crystal Structure
    - Metallic Crystal Structures
    - Directions and Planes in an Unit Cell
  - Crystallisation of Pure Metals
    - Nuclei Formation
    - Crystal Growth
  - Grain Size
  - Crystal Defects
    - Point Defects
    - Line Defects
    - Planar Defects
  - Microstructure
  - Review Questions
PART I ALLOYS AND PHASE DIAGRAMS
- Chapter 3 Alloys and Phase Diagrams
  - Classification of Alloys
    - Solid Solutions
    - Intermediate Phases or Compounds
  - Phase Diagrams
    - Phase Rule
    - Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams
  - Isomorphous System
    - Chemical Composition of Phases
    - Amount of Each Phase (Lever Rule)
    - Equilibrium Cooling
    - Non-equilibrium Cooling
  - Eutectic System—I Type
    - Cooling of Alloy 1 (60Bi–40Cd)—Eutectic
    - Cooling of Alloy 2 (80Bi–20Cd)—Hypoeutectic
    - Cooling of Alloy 3 (20Bi–80Cd)—Hypereutectic
  - Eutectic System—II Type
    - Cooling of Alloy 1 (98Pb–2Sn)
    - Cooling of Alloy 2 (38Pb–62Sn)—Eutectic
    - Cooling of Alloy 3 (60Pb–40Sn)
    - Cooling of Alloy 4 (90Pb–10Sn)
  - Peritectic System
    - Cooling of Alloy 1 (46Ag–54Pt)
    - Cooling of Alloy 2 (60Ag–40Pt)
  - Solid State Reactions
    - Eutectoid Reaction
    - Peritectoid Reaction
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 4 Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram and Plain Carbon Steels
  - Allotropy of Iron
  - The Iron-Iron Carbide Diagram
  - Plain Carbon Steels
    - Slow Cooling of Plain Carbon Steels
    - Critical Temperatures
    - Properties and Uses of Plain Carbon Steels
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
PART II HEAT TREATMENT
- Chapter 5 Heat Treatment of Steels
  - Heat Treatment
  - Isothermal Transformation
  - TTT Diagram
    - Transformation Mechanisms
    - Cooling Curves and the IT Diagrams
  - CCT Diagram
  - Heat Treatment Processes for Steels
  - Annealing
    - Full Annealing
    - Spheroidising Annealing
    - Stress Relief Annealing
    - Recrystallisation Annealing
  - Normalising
    - Normalising Versus Annealing
  - Hardening
    - Mechanism of Heat Removal During Quenching
    - Factors Affecting Hardening Process
  - Tempering
  - Austempering or Isothermal Quenching
  - Martempering or Marquenching
  - Hardenability
    - Jominy End Quench Test
    - Representation of Hardenability Data
    - Use of Hardenability Data
  - Surface and Selective Hardening
  - Carburising
    - Methods of Carburising
    - Heat Treatment after Carburising
  - Carbonitriding
  - Cyaniding
  - Nitriding
  - Vacuum and Plasma Surface Hardening
    - Vacuum Surface Hardening
    - Plasma Surface Hardening
  - Flame Hardening
  - Induction Hardening
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
PART III FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- Chapter 6 Alloy Steels
  - Purpose of Alloying
  - General Effects of Alloying Elements
  - Classification of Alloy Steels
  - Structural Grade Alloy Steels
    - Nickel Steels
    - Chromium Steels
    - Nickel-Chromium Steels
    - Manganese Steels
    - Silicon Steels
    - Molybdenum Steels
    - Vanadium Steels
    - Boron Steels
    - Tungsten Steels
    - Steels with Titanium
  - Stainless Steels
    - Ferritic Stainless Steels
    - Martensitic Stainless Steels
    - Austenitic Stainless Steels
    - Precipitation Hardening (PH) Stainless Steels
    - Duplex Stainless Steels
  - Tool and Die Steels
    - Water Hardening Tool Steels
    - Shock Resisting Tool Steels
    - Cold Work Tool Steels
    - Hot Work Tool Steels
    - High Speed Steels
    - Mould Steels
    - Special Purpose Tool Steels
  - Special Alloy Steels
    - Free Machining Alloy Steels
    - Austenitic High Manganese Steels
    - High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Steels
    - Interstitial Free (I-F) Steels
    - Dual Phase Steels
    - Maraging Steels
  - Indian Standard Code for Designation of Steels (IS: 1762–1974)
    - Steels Designated on the Basis of Mechanical Properties
    - Steels Designated on the Basis of Chemical Properties
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 7 Cast Irons
  - Classification of Cast Iron
  - Factors Influencing Structure of Cast Iron
    - Effect of Rate of Cooling
    - Effect of Chemical Composition
  - White Cast Iron
  - Grey Cast Iron
  - Chilled Cast Iron
  - Malleable Cast Iron
    - Malleabilisation Heat Treatment
    - Types of Malleable Cast Iron
  - Nodular Cast Iron
  - Compacted Graphite Iron
  - Alloy Cast Irons
  - Indian Standard Code for Designation of Cast Irons (IS: 4843–1968)
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 8 Non-ferrous Alloys
  - Copper and Copper Alloys
  - Brasses
    - α-Brasses
    - α-β Brasses
    - Cast Brasses
  - Bronzes
    - Tin Bronzes
    - Aluminium Bronzes
    - Silicon Bronzes
    - Beryllium Bronzes
  - Copper-Nickel Alloys
  - Indian Standard Code for Designation of Copper Alloys (IS: 2378–1974)
  - Aluminium Alloys
  - Wrought Alloys
    - Work Hardenable Alloys
    - Heat Treatable Alloys
  - Cast Alloys
    - Aluminium-Silicon Alloys
    - Aluminium-Magnesium Alloys
    - Aluminium-Zinc Alloys
    - Aluminium-Copper Alloys
    - Complex Casting Alloys
  - Indian Standard Code for Designation of Aluminium Alloys (IS: 5052–1993)
    - Alloy Designation
    - Temper Designation
  - Magnesium Alloys
    - Cast Alloys
    - Wrought Alloys
  - Zinc Alloys
  - Nickel Alloys
    - Monel Alloys
    - Nickel-Chromium Alloys
    - Nickel-Molybdenum Alloys
    - Nickel based Super Alloys
  - Titanium Alloys
  - Lead and Tin Alloys
  - Precipitation Hardening or Age Hardening
  - Bearing Alloys
    - White Bearing Metals
    - Bearing Bronzes
    - Aluminium-Tin Bearing Alloys
    - Silver Bearings
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
PART IV NON-METALLIC MATERIALs
- Chapter 9 Polymers
  - Polymerisation
  - Characteristics of Polymer Molecules
    - Molecular Weight
    - Chain Shape
    - Type of Mers
    - Chain Structure
  - Crystallinity of Polymers
  - Glass Transition
  - Additives in Polymers
  - Classification of Polymers
  - Thermoplastic Polymers
    - Commodity Thermoplastic Polymers
    - Engineering Thermoplastic Polymers
  - Thermoset Polymers
  - Elastomers
    - Types of Elastomers
  - Biodegradable Polymers
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 10 Ceramics
  - Traditional Ceramics
    - Clay Products
    - Glasses
    - Cements
    - Refractories
  - Advanced Ceramics
    - Oxide Ceramics
    - Carbides
    - Nitrides
    - Sialon (Si3Al3O3N5)
    - Borides
    - Some Special Applications of Advanced Ceramics
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 11 Composites
  - Definition and Classification of Composites
  - Matrix Materials
  - Reinforcements
    - Fibres
    - Whiskers and Particulates
  - Fibre Reinforced Composites
    - Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP)
    - Fibre Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
    - Fibre Reinforced Ceramic Composites
    - Carbon-Carbon Composites
  - Particulate Composites
    - Particulate Reinforced Polymers
    - Particulate Reinforced Metal Composites
    - Ceramic Matrix Particulate Composites
  - Laminar Composites
    - Laminates
    - Clad Metals
    - Sandwich Structure
  - Fabrication of Polymer Matrix Composites
  - Fabrication of Metal Matrix Composites
    - Liquid Phase Processes
    - Solid Phase Processes
  - Fabrication of Ceramic Matrix Composites
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
PART V MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS
- Chapter 12 Plastic Deformation and Fracture of Materials
  - Plastic Deformation of Metals
  - Slip
    - Slip in a Perfect Lattice
    - Slip by Dislocation Movement
    - Critical Resolved Shear Stress
    - Dislocation Sources
  - Twinning
    - Difference between Slip and Twinning
  - Plastic Deformation in Polycrystalline Metals
    - Preferred Orientation and Anisotropy
  - Strengthening of Metals
    - Strain Hardening or Cold Working
    - Grain Boundary Hardening
    - Solid Solution Strengthening
    - Strengthening from Fine Particles
  - Fracture of Metals
    - Ductile Fracture
    - Brittle Fracture
    - Ductile–Brittle Transition
  - Fatigue Failure of Metals
    - Fatigue Stress Cycles
    - Mechanism of Fatigue Failure
    - Fracture Appearance
    - Factors Affecting Fatigue Strength
    - Methods for Improving Fatigue Properties
  - Creep of Metals
    - Mechanisms of Creep Deformation and Rupture
    - Creep Resistance Alloys
  - Deformation of Polymers
    - Macroscopic Deformation
    - Deformation Mechanisms
    - Viscoelasticity and Creep
  - Fracture of Polymer Materials
  - Deformation and Fracture of Ceramics
    - Low Temperature Brittle Fracture
    - High Temperature Creep Rupture
    - Thermal Shock
  - Fracture of Fibre Reinforced Composites
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 13 Mechanical Testing of Materials
  - Tensile Test
    - Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test
    - Types of Engineering Stress-Strain Curves
  - Compression Test
  - Bend Test
  - Shear Test and Torsion Test
  - Hardness Test
    - Brinell Hardness Test
    - Vickers Hardness Test
    - Rockwell Hardness Test
    - Knoop Microhardness Test
    - Durometer Test
  - Impact Test
    - Charpy Test
    - Izod Test
    - Properties Obtained from the Impact Test
  - Fatigue Test
    - Endurance Limit
    - Fatigue Life
  - Creep Test
    - Creep Curve
    - Use of Creep Data
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
Two Marks Questions and Answers
Solved Question Papers
Index

R Srinivasan is currently working as a AssociateProfessor,Department of Mechanical Engineering, RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul. He completed his BE and ME from Government College of Technology, Coimbatore. He has 15 years of teaching experience

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Description

Table of contents

Cover
About the Author
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
THE FUNDAMENTALS
- Chapter 1 Introduction
  - What is Material
  - Engineering Materials
    - Metallic Materials
    - Non-metallic Materials
    - Composites
  - History of Materials
  - Materials and Engineering
  - Branches of Metallurgy
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 2 Structure of Materials
  - Atomic Structure
    - Electronic Structure of the Atom
    - Atomic Bonding
    - Bonding and Properties
  - Structure of Solids
    - Crystal Structure
    - Metallic Crystal Structures
    - Directions and Planes in an Unit Cell
  - Crystallisation of Pure Metals
    - Nuclei Formation
    - Crystal Growth
  - Grain Size
  - Crystal Defects
    - Point Defects
    - Line Defects
    - Planar Defects
  - Microstructure
  - Review Questions
PART I ALLOYS AND PHASE DIAGRAMS
- Chapter 3 Alloys and Phase Diagrams
  - Classification of Alloys
    - Solid Solutions
    - Intermediate Phases or Compounds
  - Phase Diagrams
    - Phase Rule
    - Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams
  - Isomorphous System
    - Chemical Composition of Phases
    - Amount of Each Phase (Lever Rule)
    - Equilibrium Cooling
    - Non-equilibrium Cooling
  - Eutectic System—I Type
    - Cooling of Alloy 1 (60Bi–40Cd)—Eutectic
    - Cooling of Alloy 2 (80Bi–20Cd)—Hypoeutectic
    - Cooling of Alloy 3 (20Bi–80Cd)—Hypereutectic
  - Eutectic System—II Type
    - Cooling of Alloy 1 (98Pb–2Sn)
    - Cooling of Alloy 2 (38Pb–62Sn)—Eutectic
    - Cooling of Alloy 3 (60Pb–40Sn)
    - Cooling of Alloy 4 (90Pb–10Sn)
  - Peritectic System
    - Cooling of Alloy 1 (46Ag–54Pt)
    - Cooling of Alloy 2 (60Ag–40Pt)
  - Solid State Reactions
    - Eutectoid Reaction
    - Peritectoid Reaction
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 4 Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram and Plain Carbon Steels
  - Allotropy of Iron
  - The Iron-Iron Carbide Diagram
  - Plain Carbon Steels
    - Slow Cooling of Plain Carbon Steels
    - Critical Temperatures
    - Properties and Uses of Plain Carbon Steels
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
PART II HEAT TREATMENT
- Chapter 5 Heat Treatment of Steels
  - Heat Treatment
  - Isothermal Transformation
  - TTT Diagram
    - Transformation Mechanisms
    - Cooling Curves and the IT Diagrams
  - CCT Diagram
  - Heat Treatment Processes for Steels
  - Annealing
    - Full Annealing
    - Spheroidising Annealing
    - Stress Relief Annealing
    - Recrystallisation Annealing
  - Normalising
    - Normalising Versus Annealing
  - Hardening
    - Mechanism of Heat Removal During Quenching
    - Factors Affecting Hardening Process
  - Tempering
  - Austempering or Isothermal Quenching
  - Martempering or Marquenching
  - Hardenability
    - Jominy End Quench Test
    - Representation of Hardenability Data
    - Use of Hardenability Data
  - Surface and Selective Hardening
  - Carburising
    - Methods of Carburising
    - Heat Treatment after Carburising
  - Carbonitriding
  - Cyaniding
  - Nitriding
  - Vacuum and Plasma Surface Hardening
    - Vacuum Surface Hardening
    - Plasma Surface Hardening
  - Flame Hardening
  - Induction Hardening
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
PART III FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- Chapter 6 Alloy Steels
  - Purpose of Alloying
  - General Effects of Alloying Elements
  - Classification of Alloy Steels
  - Structural Grade Alloy Steels
    - Nickel Steels
    - Chromium Steels
    - Nickel-Chromium Steels
    - Manganese Steels
    - Silicon Steels
    - Molybdenum Steels
    - Vanadium Steels
    - Boron Steels
    - Tungsten Steels
    - Steels with Titanium
  - Stainless Steels
    - Ferritic Stainless Steels
    - Martensitic Stainless Steels
    - Austenitic Stainless Steels
    - Precipitation Hardening (PH) Stainless Steels
    - Duplex Stainless Steels
  - Tool and Die Steels
    - Water Hardening Tool Steels
    - Shock Resisting Tool Steels
    - Cold Work Tool Steels
    - Hot Work Tool Steels
    - High Speed Steels
    - Mould Steels
    - Special Purpose Tool Steels
  - Special Alloy Steels
    - Free Machining Alloy Steels
    - Austenitic High Manganese Steels
    - High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Steels
    - Interstitial Free (I-F) Steels
    - Dual Phase Steels
    - Maraging Steels
  - Indian Standard Code for Designation of Steels (IS: 1762–1974)
    - Steels Designated on the Basis of Mechanical Properties
    - Steels Designated on the Basis of Chemical Properties
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 7 Cast Irons
  - Classification of Cast Iron
  - Factors Influencing Structure of Cast Iron
    - Effect of Rate of Cooling
    - Effect of Chemical Composition
  - White Cast Iron
  - Grey Cast Iron
  - Chilled Cast Iron
  - Malleable Cast Iron
    - Malleabilisation Heat Treatment
    - Types of Malleable Cast Iron
  - Nodular Cast Iron
  - Compacted Graphite Iron
  - Alloy Cast Irons
  - Indian Standard Code for Designation of Cast Irons (IS: 4843–1968)
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 8 Non-ferrous Alloys
  - Copper and Copper Alloys
  - Brasses
    - α-Brasses
    - α-β Brasses
    - Cast Brasses
  - Bronzes
    - Tin Bronzes
    - Aluminium Bronzes
    - Silicon Bronzes
    - Beryllium Bronzes
  - Copper-Nickel Alloys
  - Indian Standard Code for Designation of Copper Alloys (IS: 2378–1974)
  - Aluminium Alloys
  - Wrought Alloys
    - Work Hardenable Alloys
    - Heat Treatable Alloys
  - Cast Alloys
    - Aluminium-Silicon Alloys
    - Aluminium-Magnesium Alloys
    - Aluminium-Zinc Alloys
    - Aluminium-Copper Alloys
    - Complex Casting Alloys
  - Indian Standard Code for Designation of Aluminium Alloys (IS: 5052–1993)
    - Alloy Designation
    - Temper Designation
  - Magnesium Alloys
    - Cast Alloys
    - Wrought Alloys
  - Zinc Alloys
  - Nickel Alloys
    - Monel Alloys
    - Nickel-Chromium Alloys
    - Nickel-Molybdenum Alloys
    - Nickel based Super Alloys
  - Titanium Alloys
  - Lead and Tin Alloys
  - Precipitation Hardening or Age Hardening
  - Bearing Alloys
    - White Bearing Metals
    - Bearing Bronzes
    - Aluminium-Tin Bearing Alloys
    - Silver Bearings
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
PART IV NON-METALLIC MATERIALs
- Chapter 9 Polymers
  - Polymerisation
  - Characteristics of Polymer Molecules
    - Molecular Weight
    - Chain Shape
    - Type of Mers
    - Chain Structure
  - Crystallinity of Polymers
  - Glass Transition
  - Additives in Polymers
  - Classification of Polymers
  - Thermoplastic Polymers
    - Commodity Thermoplastic Polymers
    - Engineering Thermoplastic Polymers
  - Thermoset Polymers
  - Elastomers
    - Types of Elastomers
  - Biodegradable Polymers
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 10 Ceramics
  - Traditional Ceramics
    - Clay Products
    - Glasses
    - Cements
    - Refractories
  - Advanced Ceramics
    - Oxide Ceramics
    - Carbides
    - Nitrides
    - Sialon (Si3Al3O3N5)
    - Borides
    - Some Special Applications of Advanced Ceramics
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 11 Composites
  - Definition and Classification of Composites
  - Matrix Materials
  - Reinforcements
    - Fibres
    - Whiskers and Particulates
  - Fibre Reinforced Composites
    - Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP)
    - Fibre Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
    - Fibre Reinforced Ceramic Composites
    - Carbon-Carbon Composites
  - Particulate Composites
    - Particulate Reinforced Polymers
    - Particulate Reinforced Metal Composites
    - Ceramic Matrix Particulate Composites
  - Laminar Composites
    - Laminates
    - Clad Metals
    - Sandwich Structure
  - Fabrication of Polymer Matrix Composites
  - Fabrication of Metal Matrix Composites
    - Liquid Phase Processes
    - Solid Phase Processes
  - Fabrication of Ceramic Matrix Composites
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
PART V MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS
- Chapter 12 Plastic Deformation and Fracture of Materials
  - Plastic Deformation of Metals
  - Slip
    - Slip in a Perfect Lattice
    - Slip by Dislocation Movement
    - Critical Resolved Shear Stress
    - Dislocation Sources
  - Twinning
    - Difference between Slip and Twinning
  - Plastic Deformation in Polycrystalline Metals
    - Preferred Orientation and Anisotropy
  - Strengthening of Metals
    - Strain Hardening or Cold Working
    - Grain Boundary Hardening
    - Solid Solution Strengthening
    - Strengthening from Fine Particles
  - Fracture of Metals
    - Ductile Fracture
    - Brittle Fracture
    - Ductile–Brittle Transition
  - Fatigue Failure of Metals
    - Fatigue Stress Cycles
    - Mechanism of Fatigue Failure
    - Fracture Appearance
    - Factors Affecting Fatigue Strength
    - Methods for Improving Fatigue Properties
  - Creep of Metals
    - Mechanisms of Creep Deformation and Rupture
    - Creep Resistance Alloys
  - Deformation of Polymers
    - Macroscopic Deformation
    - Deformation Mechanisms
    - Viscoelasticity and Creep
  - Fracture of Polymer Materials
  - Deformation and Fracture of Ceramics
    - Low Temperature Brittle Fracture
    - High Temperature Creep Rupture
    - Thermal Shock
  - Fracture of Fibre Reinforced Composites
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
- Chapter 13 Mechanical Testing of Materials
  - Tensile Test
    - Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test
    - Types of Engineering Stress-Strain Curves
  - Compression Test
  - Bend Test
  - Shear Test and Torsion Test
  - Hardness Test
    - Brinell Hardness Test
    - Vickers Hardness Test
    - Rockwell Hardness Test
    - Knoop Microhardness Test
    - Durometer Test
  - Impact Test
    - Charpy Test
    - Izod Test
    - Properties Obtained from the Impact Test
  - Fatigue Test
    - Endurance Limit
    - Fatigue Life
  - Creep Test
    - Creep Curve
    - Use of Creep Data
  - Solved Problems
  - Review Questions
Two Marks Questions and Answers
Solved Question Papers
Index

Biographical note

User Reviews

Comments should not be blank

Rating