This book covers the entire gamut of the subject principles of management/ Business Management. Targeted at undergraduate students of commerce and management, the book, in 31 chapters, is pedagogy-rich, comprehensive and student-friendly.
Cover
Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
PART ONE Introduction
Basic Management Concepts
Introduction
• Meaning of Management
• Definitions of Management
• Features of Management
Management and Administration
Management— An Art or Science : A Debate
• Management as an Art
• Management as a Science
• Conclusion
Management as a Profession
• Attributes of Profession
• Conclusion
• Additional Barriers to Get Recognition as Profession
Levels of Management
• Top Level Management
• Intermediate Management
• Middle Level Management
• Supervisory or Operating Management or Lower Level
Managerial Skills
Role of Manager
Importance of Management
• Importance to Organisation
• Importance to Economy
Scope of Management or Functional Areas of Management
• Production Management
• Marketing Management
• Financial Management
• Human Resource Management
Functions of Management
• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Controlling
• Co-ordination
Features
Summary Chart
Review Questions
2 Evolution of Management Concepts
Introduction
• Pre-Scientific Management Era (Before 1980)
Theories of Management
• Classical Theory •
Neo Classical Theory
• Summary Chart
• Modern Theory
• Summary Chart
Schools of Management Thought or Approaches to Management
• The Empirical or Case Approach Management by Custom School
• The Interpersonal Behavior Approach (Behavior School)
• The Group Behavior Approach (Social School)
• The Operational Approach (Management Process School)
• The Decision Theory Approach
• The Communication Centre Approach
• Systems Approach to Management (Systems Management School)
• The Mathematical or ‘Management Science’ • Approach
• The Socio Technical Systems Approach (E.L. Trist)
• Contingency Approach
Contributions to Management Thought
• Hendry Fayol
• FW. Taylor Scientific Management
• Max Webers Theory of Bureaucracy
• Mary Follet’s Philosophy of Management
• Contribution of Douglas Mc Gregor
• Contributions of Peter F. Drucker
• Frank Bunker Gilbreth’s Contribution to Management Thought
• George Elton Mayo’s Contribution to Management Thought
• Emerson’s Contribution to Management Thought
• Contributions of Oliver Sheldon
• B.S. Rountree’s Contribution to Management
• Henry Lawrence Gantt’s Contribution to Management
• Chester I Bernard’s Contribution to Management
Summary Chart
Recent Developments in Management Thoughts
Review Questions
3 Social Aspects of Business
Introduction
• Social Responsibility Strategies
• Definitions
Social Responsibility to Stakeholders
• Responsibility to Owners (Shareholders)
• Responsibility to its Employees
• Responsibility Towards Consumers
• Responsibility to the Community and the Society
• Responsibility to Government
Social Responsibility: A Discussion
• Arguments for Social Responsibility
• Arguments Against Social Involvement
Business Ethics
• Code of Business Ethics
• The Importance of Business Ethics
• Role of Trade Associations in Promoting Business Ethics
• Code of Business Ethics
• Educating the Members of the Trade Association
Review Questions
PART TWO Planning
4 Planning
Definitions of Planning
Nature of Planning
• Constitutional Features
• Operational Features
• Desirable Features
Importance of Planning
Obstacles to Planning or Limitations of Planning
Steps to Make Plans Effective
Process of Planning
Approaches to Planning
Review Questions
5 Classification of Planning
Hierarchy Based Classification
• Top Level Planning or Corporate Planning
• Middle Level Planning or Functional Planning
• Lower Level Planning
Classification on the Basis of Scope
• Strategic Planning
• Tactical Planning
• Operational Planning
Classification on the Basis of Time Horizon
• Long Range Planning
• Medium Term Planning
• Short Range Planning
Classification on the Basis of Challenges
• Proactive Plans
• Reactive Planning
Classification on the Basis of Formalities
• Formal Planning
• Informal Planning
Classification Based on Utility
• Single Use Plans
• Multi Use Plans
Comparison Between Usage Based Plans
Review Questions
6 Objectives
Introduction
• Definitions
Characteristics of Organizational Objectives
Importance and Role of Objectives
Prerequisites/Essentials of Valid Objectives/Guidelines for Objectives Setting
Limitations in Objectives Formulation
Management by Objectives (MBO)
• Definitions of MBO
• Principles of MBO or Steps in MBO
• Characteristics
• Process of MBO
• Benefits of MBO
• Limitations
• Suggestions to Make MBO Workable
Forms of Objectives
• Vision
• Mission
• Goals
• Target
• Standards
• Quota
Memory Chart
Review Questions
7 Forecasting and Planning Premises
Forecast
• Definitions
• Features
• Importance of Forecasting
• Hazards/Problems in Forecasting
• Kinds of Forecasting
• Measures to Make Forecast Effective
• Steps Involved in Forecasting
• Types of Forecast
Forecasting Techniques
• Qualitative Technique
• Quantitative Techniques
Planning Premises
• Concept
• Types of Planning Premises
• Process of Selecting Appropriate Premises
Memory Chart
Review Questions
8 Decision Making
Introduction
• Definitions of Decision-Making
Features of Managerial Decisions
Factors Influencing Decision-Making
Characteristics of Decision-Making
Approaches or Theories of Decision-Making
• Classical Theory
• Administrative Model or Behavioural Theory
• Quantitative Theory of Decision-Making
• Non-Quantitative Techniques
Types of Decisions
• Procedures
• Decision on the Basis of Beneficiary
• Decisions Based on Activity
• Decisions Based on Nature
• Decisions on the Basis of Responsibility
• Decisions Based on Number of Persons
Importance/Advantages of Decision-Making
Administrative Constraints/Problems in Decision-Making
Bases for Decision-Making
Steps in Decision-Making
• Identification of Problem
• Analysis of Problem
• Examination of the Problem
• Evolving Alternative Courses of Action
• Evaluation of Alternatives
• Selection of the Best Course
• Implementation
• Chapter Snapshot
Review Questions
9 Policies
Introduction
• Definitions of Policy
• Need for Policy
Characteristics of Policies/Considerations in Policy Making
Types of Policies or Sources of Policy
Limitations of Policy Formulation
Advantages
Review Questions
10 Strategy
Definitions
Features of Strategy
Strategies and Tactics
Levels of Strategy
• Corporate Level Strategy
• Business Level Strategy
• Function Level Strategy
Strategy Formulation
• Strategy Implementation
Review Questions
PART THREE Organising
11 Organisation and Organisation Structure
Introduction
• Definitions of Organisation
• Nature of Organisation
Process of Designing the Organisation
Principles of Organisation
• Overall Principles
• Structural Principles
• Operational Principles
Theories of Organisation
• Classical Theory
• Human Relation Approach
• Systems Theory
• Contingency Approach
Organisation Structure
• Characteristics
• Importance
• Factors Influencing Organisation Structure
• Designing an Organisational Structure
• Types of Organisation Structure
Review Questions
12 Types of Organisation
Formal and Informal Organisation
• Formal Organisation
• Informal Organisation
Types of Organisation
• Line Organisation
• Functional Organisation
• Line and Staff Organisation
• Committee Organisation
• Team Based Organisation
• Project Organisation
• Matrix Organisation
• Boundryless Organisations
Review Questions
13 Supervision and Span of Control
Supervision
• Meaning
• Definitions of Supervision
• Responsibilities of a Supervisor
• Attributes of a Good Supervisor
• Role/Functions of a Supervisor
• Factors Influencing Effective Supervision
Span of Management (or Control)
• Concept of a Reasonable Span
• Factors Determining Span of Management
Summary Chart
Review Questions
14 Departmentation
Introduction
Bases of Division/Departmentation
• Functional Departmentation
• Product Based Departmentation
• Territory Based Departmentation
• Departmentation By Customers
• Departmentation Based on Process
• Departmentation By Time
• Departmentation By Number
• Composite Departmentation
Principles of Departmentation
Need for Departmentation
Memory Chart
Review Questions
15 Organisation Charts and Manuals
Introduction
Organisation Charts
• Vertical Chart
• Horizontal Chart
• Circular Chart
• Principles of Organisation Chart
• Uses of Chart
• Limitations
Organisation Manual
• Content of the Manual
• Types of Manual
• Advantages of Manuals
Review Questions
16 Authority and Responsibilities
Authority
• Definitions of Authority
• Characteristics
Sources of Authority
• Formal Authority
• Acceptance Theory
• Competence Theory
• Situation Theory of Authority
Types of Authority
• Line Authority
• Staff Authority
• Functional Authority
Limits of Authority
Authority and Power
Responsibility
• Characteristics
Accountability
Review Questions
17 Delegation and Decentralization
Delegation
• Definitions of Delegation of Authority’
• Meaning
• Principles Governing Delegation
• Process of Delegation and Elements of Delegation
• Advantages of Delegation
• Problems (Obstacles) in Delegation
• Steps to Make Delegation Effective
Decentralisation of Authority
• Meaning
• Characteristics of Decentralisation
• Distinction between Delegation and Decentralisation
• Advantages of Decentralisation
• Disadvantages of Decentralisation
• Factors that Determine the Degree of Decentralisation of Authority
• Summary Chart
Centralisation
• Advantages (Pros) of Centralisation
• Disadvantages (Cons) of Centralisation of Authority
• Summary Chart
Review Questions
PART FOUR Staffing
18 Job Analysis and Job Design
Job Analysis
• Job Description
• Job Specification
• Process of Job Analysis
• Techniques of Job Analysis
• Uses of Job Analysis
Job Design
• Factors affecting Job Design
• Approaches to Job Design
• Techniques for Designing Jobs
Review Questions
19 Recruitment
Introduction
• Importance of Recruitment
• Recruitment Process
Sources of Recruitment
• Internal Sources
• External Sources
Recent Trends in Recruitment
Internal Vs External Recruitment
Factors Affecting Recruitment
• Internal Factors
• External Factors
Review Questions
20 Selection
Introduction
Selection Process
• Scrutinizing the Application/Initial Screening
• Application Blank
• Selection Tests
• Conducting Interviews
• Physical Examination
• Reference Check
• Final Selection
Review Questions
21 Placement, Induction and Socialization
Placement
• Process of Employee Placement
Induction
• Objectives of Induction/Orientation
• Contents of Induction
• Merits of Induction Programme
• Requisites for Effective Induction Programme
Socialization
• Process of Socialization
Review Questions
22 Training and Development
Introduction
• Definitions of Training
• Features of Training
Training and Development
• Development
• Training vs Education
• Learning
• Experience
Principles of Training
Need for Training
Purpose of Training
Objectives of Training
Prerequisites of Sound Training
Benefits of Training and Development
Training Methods
• On the Job Training
• Off the Job Training
Evaluation of Training
Review Questions
23 Promotion, Transfer and Demotion
Promotion
• Need for Promotion
• Types of Promotion
• Defects of Internal Promotion
• Criteria for a Sound Promotion Policy
• Basis of Promotion
Transfer
• Need for Transfer
• Causes for Transfer
Demotion
• Causes for Demotion
• Demotion Policy
Separations
• Forms of Separation
Review Questions
24 Performance Appraisal
Introduction
• Origin of Performance Appraisal
• Definitions of Performance Appraisal
• Features of Performance Appraisal
• Need for Performance Appraisal
• Objectives of Performance Appraisal
• Purposes of Performance Appraisal
• Prerequisites for Performance Appraisal
Process of Performance Appraisal
Methods of Performance Appraisal
• Traditional Methods
• Defects in Traditional Appraisal Methods
• Contemporary Methods
• Steps in MBO
• Advantages of MBO
Review Questions
PART FIVE Directing
25 Directing
Introduction
• Definitions
• Features of Directing
Techniques of Direction
• Consultative Direction
• Free-rein Direction
• Autocratic Direction
• Supervision
• Motivation
• Leadership
• Communication
• Delegation
• Orders
• Orientation
Importance of Direction
Principles of Direction
Review Questions
26 Motivation and Morale
Motivation
• Definitions of Motivation
• Types of Motivation
• Nature of Motivation
• Significance of Motivation
Theories of Motivation
• Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchical Needs
• Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
• Maslow’s Theory and Herzberg’s Theory – A Comparison
• Douglas McGregor’s X Theory and Y Theory
Morale
• Promotion of Employee Morale
• Determinants of Morale
Review Questions
27 Leadership
Introduction
• Definitions of Leadership
• Qualities of Leadership
• Qualities of Good Leadership
Functions of Managerial Leadership
Functions of a Leader
Need for Leadership and its Importance
• Differences between Leader and Boss
Styles of Leadership
• Autocratic Style
• Participative or Democratic Style
• Free Rein Style or Laissez Faire Style
• Paternalistic Leadership Style
Theories of Leadership or Approaches to Leadership
• Great Man Theory (Approach)
• Traits Theory (Approach)
• Behavioural Theory (Approach)
• Managerial Grid Theory
Review Questions
28 Communication
Nature and Scope of Business Communication
Definitions of Communication
Characteristics of Communication
Need for Communication
Importance of Effective Business Communication
Process of Communication
• Components of the Communication Process
Principles of Communication
Means of Communication
• Verbal Communication
• Non-Verbal Communication
Dimensions or Directions or Flow of Communication
• Downward Communication
• Upward Communication
• Horizontal Communication
• Diagonal or Multidimensional Communication
Formal and Informal Communication
• Formal Communication
• Informal Communication or Grapevine
Barriers to Communication
• Mechanical Barriers
• Physical Barriers
• Psychological Barriers
• Semantic and Language Barriers
• Interpersonal Barriers
• Cross Cultural Barriers
• Organizational Barriers
Measures to Overcome Communication Barriers
Review Questions
PART SIX Co-ordinating
29 Co-ordination
Introduction
• Definitions
• Features of Co-ordination
• Principles of Co-ordination
Importance of Co-ordination/Benefits of Co-ordination
Constraints to Co-ordinations/Problems Encountered in Achieving Co-ordination
Steps for Effective Co-ordination
Techniques of Co-ordination
Types of Co-ordination
Co-ordination and Managerial Function
Review Questions
PART SEVEN Controlling
30 Control
Introduction
• Definitions of Controlling
Characteristics of Control
Need for Control or Importance of Control
Types of controls
• Control based on Time
• Control based on Managerial Hierarchy
Areas of Control
Human Resistance to Control: Causes and Remedies
Measures to Address Opposition to Control Measures
Steps in Controlling Process
• Establishment of Performance Standards
• Measurement of Performance
• Comparison of Performance Against the Standards
• Analysis of Deviations
• Initiating Corrective Measures
• Feedback
• Memory Chart
Review Questions
31 Techniques of Control
Introduction
Accounting
• Break Even Analysis
• Standard Costing
• ABC Costing
• Budgetary Control
• Inventory Control
Control Through Audit
• Management Audit
• External Audit
• Internal Audit
Quality Control
• Inspection
• Statistical Quality Control (SQC)
• Total Quality Management (TQM)
• Six Sigma
• Quality Circle (QC)
• Benchmarking
• Economic Value Addition (EVA)
• International Quality Standards
Control Through Network
• Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
• Critical Path Method (CPM)
Management Information System (MIS)
• Transaction Processing System
• MISN
• Decision Supporting System (DSS)
• Executive Information System (EIS)
• Expert System
Overall Control System
• Control Through Financial Statement
• Return on Investment (ROI)
• P&L Statement
• Balance Sheet
• Ratio Analysis
• Personal Observation
Review Questions
University Question Papers
Glossary
Index
Professor
Comments should not be blank
Rating
Description
This book covers the entire gamut of the subject principles of management/ Business Management. Targeted at undergraduate students of commerce and management, the book, in 31 chapters, is pedagogy-rich, comprehensive and student-friendly.
Table of contents
Cover
Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
PART ONE Introduction
Basic Management Concepts
Introduction
• Meaning of Management
• Definitions of Management
• Features of Management
Management and Administration
Management— An Art or Science : A Debate
• Management as an Art
• Management as a Science
• Conclusion
Management as a Profession
• Attributes of Profession
• Conclusion
• Additional Barriers to Get Recognition as Profession
Levels of Management
• Top Level Management
• Intermediate Management
• Middle Level Management
• Supervisory or Operating Management or Lower Level
Managerial Skills
Role of Manager
Importance of Management
• Importance to Organisation
• Importance to Economy
Scope of Management or Functional Areas of Management
• Production Management
• Marketing Management
• Financial Management
• Human Resource Management
Functions of Management
• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Controlling
• Co-ordination
Features
Summary Chart
Review Questions
2 Evolution of Management Concepts
Introduction
• Pre-Scientific Management Era (Before 1980)
Theories of Management
• Classical Theory •
Neo Classical Theory
• Summary Chart
• Modern Theory
• Summary Chart
Schools of Management Thought or Approaches to Management
• The Empirical or Case Approach Management by Custom School
• The Interpersonal Behavior Approach (Behavior School)
• The Group Behavior Approach (Social School)
• The Operational Approach (Management Process School)
• The Decision Theory Approach
• The Communication Centre Approach
• Systems Approach to Management (Systems Management School)
• The Mathematical or ‘Management Science’ • Approach
• The Socio Technical Systems Approach (E.L. Trist)
• Contingency Approach
Contributions to Management Thought
• Hendry Fayol
• FW. Taylor Scientific Management
• Max Webers Theory of Bureaucracy
• Mary Follet’s Philosophy of Management
• Contribution of Douglas Mc Gregor
• Contributions of Peter F. Drucker
• Frank Bunker Gilbreth’s Contribution to Management Thought
• George Elton Mayo’s Contribution to Management Thought
• Emerson’s Contribution to Management Thought
• Contributions of Oliver Sheldon
• B.S. Rountree’s Contribution to Management
• Henry Lawrence Gantt’s Contribution to Management
• Chester I Bernard’s Contribution to Management
Summary Chart
Recent Developments in Management Thoughts
Review Questions
3 Social Aspects of Business
Introduction
• Social Responsibility Strategies
• Definitions
Social Responsibility to Stakeholders
• Responsibility to Owners (Shareholders)
• Responsibility to its Employees
• Responsibility Towards Consumers
• Responsibility to the Community and the Society
• Responsibility to Government
Social Responsibility: A Discussion
• Arguments for Social Responsibility
• Arguments Against Social Involvement
Business Ethics
• Code of Business Ethics
• The Importance of Business Ethics
• Role of Trade Associations in Promoting Business Ethics
• Code of Business Ethics
• Educating the Members of the Trade Association
Review Questions
PART TWO Planning
4 Planning
Definitions of Planning
Nature of Planning
• Constitutional Features
• Operational Features
• Desirable Features
Importance of Planning
Obstacles to Planning or Limitations of Planning
Steps to Make Plans Effective
Process of Planning
Approaches to Planning
Review Questions
5 Classification of Planning
Hierarchy Based Classification
• Top Level Planning or Corporate Planning
• Middle Level Planning or Functional Planning
• Lower Level Planning
Classification on the Basis of Scope
• Strategic Planning
• Tactical Planning
• Operational Planning
Classification on the Basis of Time Horizon
• Long Range Planning
• Medium Term Planning
• Short Range Planning
Classification on the Basis of Challenges
• Proactive Plans
• Reactive Planning
Classification on the Basis of Formalities
• Formal Planning
• Informal Planning
Classification Based on Utility
• Single Use Plans
• Multi Use Plans
Comparison Between Usage Based Plans
Review Questions
6 Objectives
Introduction
• Definitions
Characteristics of Organizational Objectives
Importance and Role of Objectives
Prerequisites/Essentials of Valid Objectives/Guidelines for Objectives Setting
Limitations in Objectives Formulation
Management by Objectives (MBO)
• Definitions of MBO
• Principles of MBO or Steps in MBO
• Characteristics
• Process of MBO
• Benefits of MBO
• Limitations
• Suggestions to Make MBO Workable
Forms of Objectives
• Vision
• Mission
• Goals
• Target
• Standards
• Quota
Memory Chart
Review Questions
7 Forecasting and Planning Premises
Forecast
• Definitions
• Features
• Importance of Forecasting
• Hazards/Problems in Forecasting
• Kinds of Forecasting
• Measures to Make Forecast Effective
• Steps Involved in Forecasting
• Types of Forecast
Forecasting Techniques
• Qualitative Technique
• Quantitative Techniques
Planning Premises
• Concept
• Types of Planning Premises
• Process of Selecting Appropriate Premises
Memory Chart
Review Questions
8 Decision Making
Introduction
• Definitions of Decision-Making
Features of Managerial Decisions
Factors Influencing Decision-Making
Characteristics of Decision-Making
Approaches or Theories of Decision-Making
• Classical Theory
• Administrative Model or Behavioural Theory
• Quantitative Theory of Decision-Making
• Non-Quantitative Techniques
Types of Decisions
• Procedures
• Decision on the Basis of Beneficiary
• Decisions Based on Activity
• Decisions Based on Nature
• Decisions on the Basis of Responsibility
• Decisions Based on Number of Persons
Importance/Advantages of Decision-Making
Administrative Constraints/Problems in Decision-Making
Bases for Decision-Making
Steps in Decision-Making
• Identification of Problem
• Analysis of Problem
• Examination of the Problem
• Evolving Alternative Courses of Action
• Evaluation of Alternatives
• Selection of the Best Course
• Implementation
• Chapter Snapshot
Review Questions
9 Policies
Introduction
• Definitions of Policy
• Need for Policy
Characteristics of Policies/Considerations in Policy Making
Types of Policies or Sources of Policy
Limitations of Policy Formulation
Advantages
Review Questions
10 Strategy
Definitions
Features of Strategy
Strategies and Tactics
Levels of Strategy
• Corporate Level Strategy
• Business Level Strategy
• Function Level Strategy
Strategy Formulation
• Strategy Implementation
Review Questions
PART THREE Organising
11 Organisation and Organisation Structure
Introduction
• Definitions of Organisation
• Nature of Organisation
Process of Designing the Organisation
Principles of Organisation
• Overall Principles
• Structural Principles
• Operational Principles
Theories of Organisation
• Classical Theory
• Human Relation Approach
• Systems Theory
• Contingency Approach
Organisation Structure
• Characteristics
• Importance
• Factors Influencing Organisation Structure
• Designing an Organisational Structure
• Types of Organisation Structure
Review Questions
12 Types of Organisation
Formal and Informal Organisation
• Formal Organisation
• Informal Organisation
Types of Organisation
• Line Organisation
• Functional Organisation
• Line and Staff Organisation
• Committee Organisation
• Team Based Organisation
• Project Organisation
• Matrix Organisation
• Boundryless Organisations
Review Questions
13 Supervision and Span of Control
Supervision
• Meaning
• Definitions of Supervision
• Responsibilities of a Supervisor
• Attributes of a Good Supervisor
• Role/Functions of a Supervisor
• Factors Influencing Effective Supervision
Span of Management (or Control)
• Concept of a Reasonable Span
• Factors Determining Span of Management
Summary Chart
Review Questions
14 Departmentation
Introduction
Bases of Division/Departmentation
• Functional Departmentation
• Product Based Departmentation
• Territory Based Departmentation
• Departmentation By Customers
• Departmentation Based on Process
• Departmentation By Time
• Departmentation By Number
• Composite Departmentation
Principles of Departmentation
Need for Departmentation
Memory Chart
Review Questions
15 Organisation Charts and Manuals
Introduction
Organisation Charts
• Vertical Chart
• Horizontal Chart
• Circular Chart
• Principles of Organisation Chart
• Uses of Chart
• Limitations
Organisation Manual
• Content of the Manual
• Types of Manual
• Advantages of Manuals
Review Questions
16 Authority and Responsibilities
Authority
• Definitions of Authority
• Characteristics
Sources of Authority
• Formal Authority
• Acceptance Theory
• Competence Theory
• Situation Theory of Authority
Types of Authority
• Line Authority
• Staff Authority
• Functional Authority
Limits of Authority
Authority and Power
Responsibility
• Characteristics
Accountability
Review Questions
17 Delegation and Decentralization
Delegation
• Definitions of Delegation of Authority’
• Meaning
• Principles Governing Delegation
• Process of Delegation and Elements of Delegation
• Advantages of Delegation
• Problems (Obstacles) in Delegation
• Steps to Make Delegation Effective
Decentralisation of Authority
• Meaning
• Characteristics of Decentralisation
• Distinction between Delegation and Decentralisation
• Advantages of Decentralisation
• Disadvantages of Decentralisation
• Factors that Determine the Degree of Decentralisation of Authority
• Summary Chart
Centralisation
• Advantages (Pros) of Centralisation
• Disadvantages (Cons) of Centralisation of Authority
• Summary Chart
Review Questions
PART FOUR Staffing
18 Job Analysis and Job Design
Job Analysis
• Job Description
• Job Specification
• Process of Job Analysis
• Techniques of Job Analysis
• Uses of Job Analysis
Job Design
• Factors affecting Job Design
• Approaches to Job Design
• Techniques for Designing Jobs
Review Questions
19 Recruitment
Introduction
• Importance of Recruitment
• Recruitment Process
Sources of Recruitment
• Internal Sources
• External Sources
Recent Trends in Recruitment
Internal Vs External Recruitment
Factors Affecting Recruitment
• Internal Factors
• External Factors
Review Questions
20 Selection
Introduction
Selection Process
• Scrutinizing the Application/Initial Screening
• Application Blank
• Selection Tests
• Conducting Interviews
• Physical Examination
• Reference Check
• Final Selection
Review Questions
21 Placement, Induction and Socialization
Placement
• Process of Employee Placement
Induction
• Objectives of Induction/Orientation
• Contents of Induction
• Merits of Induction Programme
• Requisites for Effective Induction Programme
Socialization
• Process of Socialization
Review Questions
22 Training and Development
Introduction
• Definitions of Training
• Features of Training
Training and Development
• Development
• Training vs Education
• Learning
• Experience
Principles of Training
Need for Training
Purpose of Training
Objectives of Training
Prerequisites of Sound Training
Benefits of Training and Development
Training Methods
• On the Job Training
• Off the Job Training
Evaluation of Training
Review Questions
23 Promotion, Transfer and Demotion
Promotion
• Need for Promotion
• Types of Promotion
• Defects of Internal Promotion
• Criteria for a Sound Promotion Policy
• Basis of Promotion
Transfer
• Need for Transfer
• Causes for Transfer
Demotion
• Causes for Demotion
• Demotion Policy
Separations
• Forms of Separation
Review Questions
24 Performance Appraisal
Introduction
• Origin of Performance Appraisal
• Definitions of Performance Appraisal
• Features of Performance Appraisal
• Need for Performance Appraisal
• Objectives of Performance Appraisal
• Purposes of Performance Appraisal
• Prerequisites for Performance Appraisal
Process of Performance Appraisal
Methods of Performance Appraisal
• Traditional Methods
• Defects in Traditional Appraisal Methods
• Contemporary Methods
• Steps in MBO
• Advantages of MBO
Review Questions
PART FIVE Directing
25 Directing
Introduction
• Definitions
• Features of Directing
Techniques of Direction
• Consultative Direction
• Free-rein Direction
• Autocratic Direction
• Supervision
• Motivation
• Leadership
• Communication
• Delegation
• Orders
• Orientation
Importance of Direction
Principles of Direction
Review Questions
26 Motivation and Morale
Motivation
• Definitions of Motivation
• Types of Motivation
• Nature of Motivation
• Significance of Motivation
Theories of Motivation
• Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchical Needs
• Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
• Maslow’s Theory and Herzberg’s Theory – A Comparison
• Douglas McGregor’s X Theory and Y Theory
Morale
• Promotion of Employee Morale
• Determinants of Morale
Review Questions
27 Leadership
Introduction
• Definitions of Leadership
• Qualities of Leadership
• Qualities of Good Leadership
Functions of Managerial Leadership
Functions of a Leader
Need for Leadership and its Importance
• Differences between Leader and Boss
Styles of Leadership
• Autocratic Style
• Participative or Democratic Style
• Free Rein Style or Laissez Faire Style
• Paternalistic Leadership Style
Theories of Leadership or Approaches to Leadership
• Great Man Theory (Approach)
• Traits Theory (Approach)
• Behavioural Theory (Approach)
• Managerial Grid Theory
Review Questions
28 Communication
Nature and Scope of Business Communication
Definitions of Communication
Characteristics of Communication
Need for Communication
Importance of Effective Business Communication
Process of Communication
• Components of the Communication Process
Principles of Communication
Means of Communication
• Verbal Communication
• Non-Verbal Communication
Dimensions or Directions or Flow of Communication
• Downward Communication
• Upward Communication
• Horizontal Communication
• Diagonal or Multidimensional Communication
Formal and Informal Communication
• Formal Communication
• Informal Communication or Grapevine
Barriers to Communication
• Mechanical Barriers
• Physical Barriers
• Psychological Barriers
• Semantic and Language Barriers
• Interpersonal Barriers
• Cross Cultural Barriers
• Organizational Barriers
Measures to Overcome Communication Barriers
Review Questions
PART SIX Co-ordinating
29 Co-ordination
Introduction
• Definitions
• Features of Co-ordination
• Principles of Co-ordination
Importance of Co-ordination/Benefits of Co-ordination
Constraints to Co-ordinations/Problems Encountered in Achieving Co-ordination
Steps for Effective Co-ordination
Techniques of Co-ordination
Types of Co-ordination
Co-ordination and Managerial Function
Review Questions
PART SEVEN Controlling
30 Control
Introduction
• Definitions of Controlling
Characteristics of Control
Need for Control or Importance of Control
Types of controls
• Control based on Time
• Control based on Managerial Hierarchy
Areas of Control
Human Resistance to Control: Causes and Remedies
Measures to Address Opposition to Control Measures
Steps in Controlling Process
• Establishment of Performance Standards
• Measurement of Performance
• Comparison of Performance Against the Standards
• Analysis of Deviations
• Initiating Corrective Measures
• Feedback
• Memory Chart
Review Questions
31 Techniques of Control
Introduction
Accounting
• Break Even Analysis
• Standard Costing
• ABC Costing
• Budgetary Control
• Inventory Control
Control Through Audit
• Management Audit
• External Audit
• Internal Audit
Quality Control
• Inspection
• Statistical Quality Control (SQC)
• Total Quality Management (TQM)
• Six Sigma
• Quality Circle (QC)
• Benchmarking
• Economic Value Addition (EVA)
• International Quality Standards
Control Through Network
• Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
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