Indian Economy  
Author(s): Dr. T. Aryamala
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  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Abbreviations
  • Chapter 1 Economic Development
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 Meaning and Definition of Underdevelopment
    • 1.3 Basic Characteristics of an Underdeveloped Economy
    • 1.4 Indicators/Determinants of Economic Development
    • 1.5 Obstacles to Economic Developments
    • 1.6 Economic Development and Growth
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 2 National Income
    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 Meaning
    • 2.3 Definition
    • 2.4 Other Views
    • 2.5 National Product, National Income and National Expenditure
    • 2.6 Concepts of National Income
    • 2.7 Circular Flow of Income
    • 2.8 Measurement of National Income [Computation]
    • 2.9 Significance of National Income Data
    • 2.10 Difficulties in the Measurement of National Income
    • 2.11 Causes for the Slow Growth of National Income in India
    • 2.12 Recommendation to Increase the National Income of India
    • 2.13 Estimates of National Income
    • 2.14 Trends in NI – Growth & Structure
    • 2.15 Regional Development Disparities
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 3 Poverty and Inequality
    • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.2 Absolute and Relative Poverty
    • 3.3 Studies of Poverty in India
    • 3.4 Poverty Line
    • 3.5 Nature and Causes of Poverty
    • 3.6 Need for Removal of Poverty
    • 3.7 Measures to Reduce Poverty
    • 3.8 Poverty Eradication Programme – A Review
    • 3.9 Inequality of Income
    • 3.10 Causes of Inequalities of Income
    • 3.11 Evils or Consequences of Inequalities of Income
    • 3.12 Methods of Reducing Inequalities of Income
    • 3.13 International Comparisons of Poverty and Inequality of Incomes
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 4 Unemployment
    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Meaning and Definition
    • 4.3 Nature of Unemployment in India
    • 4.4 Extent and Magnitude of Unemployment in India
    • 4.5 Causes of Unemployment
    • 4.6 Types of Unemployment
    • 4.7 Remedial Measures for Unemployment
    • 4.8 Employment Generation Programmes and Policies
    • 4.9 Committees on Unemployment
    • 4.10 Employment Policy During Plan Period
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 5 Population
    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Population in India
    • 5.3 Causes of the Rapid Growth of Population
    • 5.4 Consequences of Population Growth
    • 5.5 Remedial Measures for Population Explosion
    • 5.6 Theories of Population
    • 5.7 Population Policy in India
    • 5.8 Family Planning Programme
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 6 Infrastructure
    • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.2 Meaning of Infrastructure
    • 6.3 Infrastructure and Economic Development
    • 6.4 Communication
    • 6.5 Energy
    • 6.6 Power
    • 6.7 Transport System in India
    • 6.8 Railway Transport in India
    • 6.9 Roadways Transport in India
    • 6.10 Waterways Transport in India
    • 6.11 Airways Transport in India
    • 6.12 Pipeline Transport in India
    • 6.13 Education
    • 6.14 Health
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 7 Foreign Trade
    • 7.1 Introduction
    • 7.2 History/Evolution of India’s Foreign Trade
    • 7.3 Role of Foreign Trade in Economic Development
    • 7.4 Features of International Trade
    • 7.5 Inter-Regional Trade and International Trade
    • 7.6 Advantages of International Trade
    • 7.7 Disadvantages of International Trade
    • 7.8 Theories of International Trade
    • 7.9 Components of Foreign Trade
    • 7.10 Foreign Trade During the Plan Period
    • 7.11 Composition of Foreign Trade
    • 7.12 Direction of Trade
    • 7.13 Balance of Trade and Payments
    • 7.14 BOP – Disequilibrium
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 8 Planning In India
    • 8.1 Introduction
    • 8.2 Meaning and Definition of Planning
    • 8.3 Nature and Scope of Planning
    • 8.4 Features/Characteristics of Planning
    • 8.5 Objectives of Planning in India
    • 8.6 Types/Forms of Planning
    • 8.7 Planning Commission in India
    • 8.8 Decentralized Planning
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 9 Fifty Years of Planning in India – Plan I To VIII
    • 9.1 Introduction
    • 9.2 First Five Year Plan – [1951-52 to 1955-56]
    • 9.3 Second Five Year Plan [1956 – 57 to 1960 – 61]
    • 9.4 Third Five Year Plan [1961-62 to 1965 – 66]
    • 9.5 Annual Plans [1966-67 to 1968-69]
    • 9.6 Fourth Five Year Plan [1969-1970 to 1973-74]
    • 9.7 Fifth Five Year Plan [1974-75 to 1977-78]
    • 9.8 Sixth Five Year Plan [1978-83] & [1980-85]
    • 9.9 Seventh Five Year Plan [1985 – 86 to 1989 – 90]
    • 9.10 Annual Plans [1990 – 92]
    • 9.11 Eighth Five Year Plan [1992 – 93 to 1996-97]
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 10 Five Year Plans of India– Plan IX To XII
    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Ninth Five Year Plan [1997–1998 to 2001–2002]
    • 10.3 Tenth Five Year Plan – [2002 – 03 to 2006 – 2007]
    • 10.4 Eleventh Five Year Plan [2007 – 08 to 2011 – 2012]
    • 10.5 Twelfth Five Year Plan [2012 – 13 to 2016 – 17]
    • 10.6 Planning in India During Last Fifty Years – An Assessment
    • 10.7 National Institution for Transforming India NITI Aayog
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 11 Agriculture in India
    • 11.1 Introduction
    • 11.2 Role of Agriculture in Economic Development
    • 11.3 Features of Indian Agriculture
    • 11.4 Agricultural Sector and its Problems
    • 11.5 Factors Responsible for Slow Growth Rate in Agriculture
    • 11.6 Agriculture Under Plan Period and its Growth
    • 11.7 Growth of Agriculture During Plan Periods
    • 11.8 Interdependence Between Agriculture and Industry
    • 11.9 Contribution of Agriculture to Economic Development
    • 11.10 Agricultural Policy of India
    • 11.11 National Agricultural Policy – 2000 (NAP-2000)
    • 11.12 Crop Pattern
    • 11.13 Agricultural Holdings
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 12 Gren Revolution
    • 12.1 Introduction
    • 12.2 New Agricultural Strategy
    • 12.3 Green Revolution
    • 12.4 Second Phase of Green Revolution
    • 12.5 Intensive Agricultural District Programmes [IADP]
    • 12.6 High Yielding Variety Programme (HYVP)
    • 12.7 Organic Farming
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 13 Irigation
    • 13.1 Introduction
    • 13.2 Role of Irrigation
    • 13.3 Significance of Irrigation System
    • 13.4 Sources/Types of Irrigation in India
    • 13.5 Irrigation Under FYPs: [VIII & IX FYP]
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 14 Land Reforms
    • 14.1 Introduction
    • 14.2 Land Reforms – Meaning, Objectives and Needs
    • 14.3 Land Tenure System
    • 14.4 Land Reform Measures
    • 14.5 An Appraisal of Land Reforms in India
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 15 Food Problem – Security and Policy
    • 15.1 Introduction
    • 15.2 Food Problem: Nature and Causes
    • 15.3 Remedial Measures for Food Problem
    • 15.4 Government’s Policy for Food Problem
    • 15.5 Food Security in India - Meaning & Definition
    • 15.6 Foodgrains Security, Food Security and Food Self-Sufficiency
    • 15.7 Government/Programme for Food Security
    • 15.8 Distribution of Foodgrains – PDS & TPDS
    • 15.9 Food Corporation of India [FCI]
    • 15.10 Food Policy in India
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 16 Industrial Development in India
    • 16.1 Introduction
    • 16.2 Industry and Economic Development
    • 16.3 Pattern of Industrial Development
    • 16.4 Problems of Industrial Development
    • 16.5 Suggestions for Rapid Industrial Growth
    • 16.6 Industrial Development Under the Plan Period
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 17 Large Scale Industries and Modernization
    • 17.1 Introduction
    • 17.2 Importance of LSI
    • 17.3 A Brief Description of LSI
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 18 Small Scale Industries
    • 18.1 Introduction
    • 18.2 Definition and Meaning of Small Scale & Cottage Industries
    • 18.3 Difference Between Cottage and SSI
    • 18.4 Importance and the Role of SSI & Cottage Industry in Indian Economy
    • 18.5 Weakness or the Problems of SSI in India
    • 18.6 Encouragement to SSI
    • 18.7 Cottage & SSI in the Plan Period
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 19 New Economic Reforms
    • 19.1 Introduction
    • 19.2 Economic Reforms in India
    • 19.3 Liberalization
    • 19.4 Privatization
    • 19.5 Disinvestment
    • 19.6 Globalization
    • 19.7 New Economic Policy/Reforms
    • Review Questions
  • University Question Papers
  • Index
Rating
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Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Abbreviations
  • Chapter 1 Economic Development
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 Meaning and Definition of Underdevelopment
    • 1.3 Basic Characteristics of an Underdeveloped Economy
    • 1.4 Indicators/Determinants of Economic Development
    • 1.5 Obstacles to Economic Developments
    • 1.6 Economic Development and Growth
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 2 National Income
    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 Meaning
    • 2.3 Definition
    • 2.4 Other Views
    • 2.5 National Product, National Income and National Expenditure
    • 2.6 Concepts of National Income
    • 2.7 Circular Flow of Income
    • 2.8 Measurement of National Income [Computation]
    • 2.9 Significance of National Income Data
    • 2.10 Difficulties in the Measurement of National Income
    • 2.11 Causes for the Slow Growth of National Income in India
    • 2.12 Recommendation to Increase the National Income of India
    • 2.13 Estimates of National Income
    • 2.14 Trends in NI – Growth & Structure
    • 2.15 Regional Development Disparities
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 3 Poverty and Inequality
    • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.2 Absolute and Relative Poverty
    • 3.3 Studies of Poverty in India
    • 3.4 Poverty Line
    • 3.5 Nature and Causes of Poverty
    • 3.6 Need for Removal of Poverty
    • 3.7 Measures to Reduce Poverty
    • 3.8 Poverty Eradication Programme – A Review
    • 3.9 Inequality of Income
    • 3.10 Causes of Inequalities of Income
    • 3.11 Evils or Consequences of Inequalities of Income
    • 3.12 Methods of Reducing Inequalities of Income
    • 3.13 International Comparisons of Poverty and Inequality of Incomes
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 4 Unemployment
    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Meaning and Definition
    • 4.3 Nature of Unemployment in India
    • 4.4 Extent and Magnitude of Unemployment in India
    • 4.5 Causes of Unemployment
    • 4.6 Types of Unemployment
    • 4.7 Remedial Measures for Unemployment
    • 4.8 Employment Generation Programmes and Policies
    • 4.9 Committees on Unemployment
    • 4.10 Employment Policy During Plan Period
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 5 Population
    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Population in India
    • 5.3 Causes of the Rapid Growth of Population
    • 5.4 Consequences of Population Growth
    • 5.5 Remedial Measures for Population Explosion
    • 5.6 Theories of Population
    • 5.7 Population Policy in India
    • 5.8 Family Planning Programme
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 6 Infrastructure
    • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.2 Meaning of Infrastructure
    • 6.3 Infrastructure and Economic Development
    • 6.4 Communication
    • 6.5 Energy
    • 6.6 Power
    • 6.7 Transport System in India
    • 6.8 Railway Transport in India
    • 6.9 Roadways Transport in India
    • 6.10 Waterways Transport in India
    • 6.11 Airways Transport in India
    • 6.12 Pipeline Transport in India
    • 6.13 Education
    • 6.14 Health
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 7 Foreign Trade
    • 7.1 Introduction
    • 7.2 History/Evolution of India’s Foreign Trade
    • 7.3 Role of Foreign Trade in Economic Development
    • 7.4 Features of International Trade
    • 7.5 Inter-Regional Trade and International Trade
    • 7.6 Advantages of International Trade
    • 7.7 Disadvantages of International Trade
    • 7.8 Theories of International Trade
    • 7.9 Components of Foreign Trade
    • 7.10 Foreign Trade During the Plan Period
    • 7.11 Composition of Foreign Trade
    • 7.12 Direction of Trade
    • 7.13 Balance of Trade and Payments
    • 7.14 BOP – Disequilibrium
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 8 Planning In India
    • 8.1 Introduction
    • 8.2 Meaning and Definition of Planning
    • 8.3 Nature and Scope of Planning
    • 8.4 Features/Characteristics of Planning
    • 8.5 Objectives of Planning in India
    • 8.6 Types/Forms of Planning
    • 8.7 Planning Commission in India
    • 8.8 Decentralized Planning
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 9 Fifty Years of Planning in India – Plan I To VIII
    • 9.1 Introduction
    • 9.2 First Five Year Plan – [1951-52 to 1955-56]
    • 9.3 Second Five Year Plan [1956 – 57 to 1960 – 61]
    • 9.4 Third Five Year Plan [1961-62 to 1965 – 66]
    • 9.5 Annual Plans [1966-67 to 1968-69]
    • 9.6 Fourth Five Year Plan [1969-1970 to 1973-74]
    • 9.7 Fifth Five Year Plan [1974-75 to 1977-78]
    • 9.8 Sixth Five Year Plan [1978-83] & [1980-85]
    • 9.9 Seventh Five Year Plan [1985 – 86 to 1989 – 90]
    • 9.10 Annual Plans [1990 – 92]
    • 9.11 Eighth Five Year Plan [1992 – 93 to 1996-97]
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 10 Five Year Plans of India– Plan IX To XII
    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Ninth Five Year Plan [1997–1998 to 2001–2002]
    • 10.3 Tenth Five Year Plan – [2002 – 03 to 2006 – 2007]
    • 10.4 Eleventh Five Year Plan [2007 – 08 to 2011 – 2012]
    • 10.5 Twelfth Five Year Plan [2012 – 13 to 2016 – 17]
    • 10.6 Planning in India During Last Fifty Years – An Assessment
    • 10.7 National Institution for Transforming India NITI Aayog
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 11 Agriculture in India
    • 11.1 Introduction
    • 11.2 Role of Agriculture in Economic Development
    • 11.3 Features of Indian Agriculture
    • 11.4 Agricultural Sector and its Problems
    • 11.5 Factors Responsible for Slow Growth Rate in Agriculture
    • 11.6 Agriculture Under Plan Period and its Growth
    • 11.7 Growth of Agriculture During Plan Periods
    • 11.8 Interdependence Between Agriculture and Industry
    • 11.9 Contribution of Agriculture to Economic Development
    • 11.10 Agricultural Policy of India
    • 11.11 National Agricultural Policy – 2000 (NAP-2000)
    • 11.12 Crop Pattern
    • 11.13 Agricultural Holdings
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 12 Gren Revolution
    • 12.1 Introduction
    • 12.2 New Agricultural Strategy
    • 12.3 Green Revolution
    • 12.4 Second Phase of Green Revolution
    • 12.5 Intensive Agricultural District Programmes [IADP]
    • 12.6 High Yielding Variety Programme (HYVP)
    • 12.7 Organic Farming
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 13 Irigation
    • 13.1 Introduction
    • 13.2 Role of Irrigation
    • 13.3 Significance of Irrigation System
    • 13.4 Sources/Types of Irrigation in India
    • 13.5 Irrigation Under FYPs: [VIII & IX FYP]
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 14 Land Reforms
    • 14.1 Introduction
    • 14.2 Land Reforms – Meaning, Objectives and Needs
    • 14.3 Land Tenure System
    • 14.4 Land Reform Measures
    • 14.5 An Appraisal of Land Reforms in India
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 15 Food Problem – Security and Policy
    • 15.1 Introduction
    • 15.2 Food Problem: Nature and Causes
    • 15.3 Remedial Measures for Food Problem
    • 15.4 Government’s Policy for Food Problem
    • 15.5 Food Security in India - Meaning & Definition
    • 15.6 Foodgrains Security, Food Security and Food Self-Sufficiency
    • 15.7 Government/Programme for Food Security
    • 15.8 Distribution of Foodgrains – PDS & TPDS
    • 15.9 Food Corporation of India [FCI]
    • 15.10 Food Policy in India
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 16 Industrial Development in India
    • 16.1 Introduction
    • 16.2 Industry and Economic Development
    • 16.3 Pattern of Industrial Development
    • 16.4 Problems of Industrial Development
    • 16.5 Suggestions for Rapid Industrial Growth
    • 16.6 Industrial Development Under the Plan Period
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 17 Large Scale Industries and Modernization
    • 17.1 Introduction
    • 17.2 Importance of LSI
    • 17.3 A Brief Description of LSI
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 18 Small Scale Industries
    • 18.1 Introduction
    • 18.2 Definition and Meaning of Small Scale & Cottage Industries
    • 18.3 Difference Between Cottage and SSI
    • 18.4 Importance and the Role of SSI & Cottage Industry in Indian Economy
    • 18.5 Weakness or the Problems of SSI in India
    • 18.6 Encouragement to SSI
    • 18.7 Cottage & SSI in the Plan Period
    • Review Questions
  • Chapter 19 New Economic Reforms
    • 19.1 Introduction
    • 19.2 Economic Reforms in India
    • 19.3 Liberalization
    • 19.4 Privatization
    • 19.5 Disinvestment
    • 19.6 Globalization
    • 19.7 New Economic Policy/Reforms
    • Review Questions
  • University Question Papers
  • Index
Biographical note
Associate Professor of Economics Asan Memorial College of Arts and Science Chennai
Excerpt

INDIAN ECONOMY

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INDIAN ECONOMY

ISBN: 978-81-8209-458-1

Copyright © 2018, Vijay Nicole Imprints Private Limited

No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publishers and copyright holders. The program listings (if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication.

Information contained in this work has been obtained by publishers, from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither publishers nor copyright holders guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither publishers nor copyright holders shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that publishers and copyright holders are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.

Information contained in this work has been obtained by publishers, from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither publishers nor copyright holders guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither publishers nor copyright holders shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that publishers and copyright holders are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.

Laser typeset at: Maven Learning, Chennai - 600 091.

Dedicated to

My Beloved Husband

Mr. Maheswaran

CONTENTS

Preface

Abbreviations

CHAPTER 1ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1.1Introduction

1.2Meaning and Definition of Underdevelopment

1.3Basic Characteristics of an Underdeveloped Economy

1.4Indicators/Determinants of Economic Development

1.5Obstacles to Economic Developments

1.6Economic Development and Growth

Review Questions

CHAPTER 2NATIONAL INCOME

2.1Introduction

2.2Meaning

2.3Definition

2.4Other Views

2.5National Product, National Income and National Expenditure

2.6Concepts of National Income

2.7Circular Flow of Income

2.8Measurement of National Income [Computation]

2.9Significance of National Income Data

2.10Difficulties in the Measurement of National Income

2.11Causes for the Slow Growth of National Income in India

2.12Recommendation to Increase the National Income of India

2.13Estimates of National Income

2.14Trends in NI – Growth & Structure

2.15Regional Development Disparities

Review Questions

CHAPTER 3POVERTY AND INEQUALITY

3.1Introduction

3.2Absolute and Relative Poverty

3.3Studies of Poverty in India

3.4Poverty Line

3.5Nature and Causes of Poverty

3.6Need for Removal of Poverty

3.7Measures to Reduce Poverty

3.8Poverty Eradication Programme – A Review

3.9Inequality of Income

3.10Causes of Inequalities of Income

3.11Evils or Consequences of Inequalities of Income

3.12Methods of Reducing Inequalities of Income

3.13International Comparisons of Poverty and Inequality of Incomes

Review Questions

CHAPTER 4UNEMPLOYMENT

4.1Introduction

4.2Meaning and Definition

4.3Nature of Unemployment in India

4.4Extent and Magnitude of Unemployment in India

4.5Causes of Unemployment

4.6Types of Unemployment

4.7Remedial Measures for Unemployment

4.8Employment Generation Programmes and Policies

4.9Committees on Unemployment

4.10Employment Policy During Plan Period

Review Questions

CHAPTER 5POPULATION

5.1Introduction

5.2Population in India

5.3Causes of the Rapid Growth of Population

5.4Consequences of Population Growth

5.5Remedial Measures for Population Explosion

5.6Theories of Population

5.7Population Policy in India

5.8Family Planning Programme

Review Questions

CHAPTER 6INFRASTRUCTURE

6.1Introduction

6.2Meaning of Infrastructure

6.3Infrastructure and Economic Development

6.4Communication

6.5Energy

6.6Power

6.7Transport System in India

6.8Railway Transport in India

6.9Roadways Transport in India

6.10Waterways Transport in India

6.11Airways Transport in India

6.12Pipeline Transport in India

6.13Education

6.14Health

Review Questions

CHAPTER 7FOREIGN TRADE

7.1Introduction

7.2History/Evolution of India’s Foreign Trade

7.3Role of Foreign Trade in Economic Development

7.4Features of International Trade

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