Table of contents
Biographical note
Excerpt
User Reviews
INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ALEXIS LEON
Professional Writer and
Software Consultant
MATHEWS LEON
Executive Director
L & L Consultancy Services Pvt, Ltd.
LEENA LEON
Assistant Professor
St. Teresa’s College, Ernakulam
Vijay Nicole Imprints Private Limited
CHENNAI
Vijay Nicole Imprints Private Limited
No. 1B, Second Main Road,
Ram Nagar South, Chennai – 600 091
Phone: + 91 - 44 - 4283 7178, 72002 58368, 97898 33533
Email: vni@vijaynicole.co.in Website: www.vijaynicole.co.in
Introduction to Information Technology
ISBN: 978-81-8209-351-5
e-PUB: 978-81-19243-18-1
e-PDF: 978-81-19243-17-4
Copyright © 2023, Alexis Leon and Mathews Leon
No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publishers and copyright holders. The program listings (if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication.
Information contained in this work has been obtained by publishers, from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither publishers nor copyright holders guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither publishers nor copyright holders shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that publishers and copyright holders are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.
Laser typeset at: Maven Learning, Chennai – 600 091
Our Parents,
Leon Alexander and Santhamma Leon,
for their love, encouragement and support
Preface
A few decades back, communication used to be between people. But now inanimate objects are getting into the act—books can tell the cash registers how much they cost; identity cards can tell the door lock whether to open or not; automated guided vehicles can tell the host computer where they are in the shop floor, what they are carrying, and when they will be free; missiles can compare the landscape with their own map and hit the target with pinpoint precision; on the Internet people engage in lively chats, discussions, and play games even if they are physically in different continents.
The changes mentioned above in the fields of Computer Science and IT add up to what is called the information revolution or IT revolution. To survive in this information world one must keep pace with these changes. The objective of this book is to provide an introduction to IT to the readers and enable them to know the importance of computers and IT in business and daily life. The book deals with the fundamental concepts, technologies and theories as well as advanced concepts and practical applications. The book starts with an introduction to computers and telecommunications and then deals with the latest developments and technologies.
The book is written in an easy-to-read and jargon-free style. We have used a lot of images, tables, bulleted lists, etc. to make the reading and comprehension easier, and also to illustrate, familiarize, and demonstrate the capabilities, benefits, and limitations of IT and the related applications.
We have used cartoon characters to make the figures interesting and easy to remember. But when you are appearing for the examinations, you should replace the cartoon characters with suitable geometrical shapes. An example of how it could be done is shown as follows. The example shows Figure 17.6 (Basic Components of a CBIS) as it appears in the book and how it should be drawn for the examination.
PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES
We have included a lot of pedagogical features in this book. These include more than 690 review questions (short answer questions, descriptive type questions, and essay questions) and about 740 objective type questions (fill in the blanks, true or false, and multiple choice questions). The answers to the objective questions are given at the end of each chapter. The questions are designed to make your learning easy and effective. There are also 10 solved question papers.
Figure 17.6 Basic Components of a CBIS (as shown in the text)
Figure 17.6 Basic Components of a CBIS (for exam purposes)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book is the product of a shared vision. We would like to give our special thanks to the people who helped to create it. We would like to express our gratitude to P. K. Madhavan and the editorial team at Vijay Nicole Imprints Pvt. Ltd. Thanks to our parents Leon Alexander and Santhamma Leon for their love and support.
Finally, we would like to thank our readers. We hope you enjoy reading this book and find it useful. We would love to hear your views, comments and suggestions. We wish all of you, all the very best in your careers and look forward to meet you in the cyberspace…
Alexis Leon & Mathews Leon
Table of Contents
1.3 Characteristics of Computers
1.4 Classification of Computers
02. Five Generations of Modern Computers
2.1.1 First Generation Computers (1945–1955)
2.1.2 Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
2.1.3 Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
2.1.4 Fourth Generation Computers (1972 Onwards)
2.1.5 Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Future)
03. Classification of Computers
3.2 Classification of Digital Computers
3.2.1.1 Personal Computers (PCs)
3.3 Business and Scientific Computer Systems
3.4 Time Sharing, Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing Systems
5.2.8 Internet and Multimedia Keyboards
5.14 Video Cameras (Camcorders)
5.15 Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
5.16 Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
5.17 Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR)
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