Introduction to Information Systems

Alexis Leon; Mathews Leon

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Introduction to Information Systems

Alexis Leon, Mathews Leon

ISBN 9788182090101

Publication Date Tue Jul 01 00:00:00 UTC 2014

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Table of contents

Biographical note

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This book highlights the role and functioning of modern Information System (IS departments and their integratio of advancements in the field of Information Technology. Designed essentially as a course book, the book includes fundamental concepts, advance theories and practical applications.

- Comprehensive coverage

- Logical presentations

- Review questions

- Clear illustrations

- Pedagogical features

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
Contents
01. Introduction to Computers
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Importance of Computers
- 1.3 Characteristics of Computers
  - 1.3.1 Word Length
  - 1.3.2 Speed
  - 1.3.3 Storage
  - 1.3.4 Accuracy
  - 1.3.5 Versatility
  - 1.3.6 Automation
  - 1.3.7 Diligence
- 1.4 Classification of Computers
- 1.5 What Computers Can Do?
- 1.6 What Computers Cannot Do?
  - 1.6.1 Productivity
  - 1.6.2 Reasoning
  - 1.6.3 Errors
- 1.7 Uses of Computers
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
02. Five Generations of Modern Computers
- 2.1 Introduction
  - 2.1.1 First Generation Computers (1945–1955)
  - 2.1.2 Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
  - 2.1.3 Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
  - 2.1.4 Fourth Generation Computers (1972 Onwards)
  - 2.1.5 Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Future)
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
03. Classification of Computers
- 3.1 Introduction
  - 3.1.1 Analog Computers
  - 3.1.2 Digital Computers
  - 3.1.3 Hybrid Computers
- 3.2 Classification of Digital Computers
  - 3.2.1 Microcomputers
    - 3.2.1.1 Personal Computers (PCs)
    - 3.2.1.2 Workstations
    - 3.2.1.3 Portable Computers
  - 3.2.2 Minicomputers
  - 3.2.3 Mainframes
  - 3.2.4 Supercomputers
  - 3.2.5 Network Computers
- 3.3 Business and Scientific Computer Systems
- 3.4 Time Sharing, Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing Systems
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
04. Components of a Computer
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Parts of a Computer
  - 4.2.1 Processor or CPU
  - 4.2.2 Memory
    - 4.2.2.1 RAM
    - 4.2.2.2 ROM
    - 4.2.2.3 PROM
    - 4.2.2.4 EPROM
    - 4.2.2.5 EEPROM
    - 4.2.2.6 Flash Memory
  - 4.2.3 Input Devices
  - 4.2.4 Output Devices
  - 4.2.5 Storage Devices
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
05. Input Devices
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Keyboard
  - 5.2.1 Alphanumeric Keys
  - 5.2.2 Modifier Keys
  - 5.2.3 Numeric Keypad
  - 5.2.4 Function Keys
  - 5.2.5 Cursor Movement Keys
  - 5.2.6 Special-Purpose Keys
  - 5.2.7 Ergonomic Keyboards
  - 5.2.8 Internet and Multimedia Keyboards
- 5.3 Mouse
  - 5.3.1 Types of Mice
- 5.4 Trackball
- 5.5 Game Controllers
- 5.6 Touch Screen
- 5.7 Scanners
  - 5.7.1 Types of Scanners
- 5.8 Barcode Reader
- 5.9 Card Reader
- 5.10 Digitizer
- 5.11 Voice Recognition
- 5.12 Webcams
- 5.13 Digital Cameras
- 5.14 Video Cameras (Camcorders)
- 5.15 Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
- 5.16 Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
- 5.17 Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR)
- 5.18 Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
06. Output Devices
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Monitor
  - 6.2.1 CRT Monitors
  - 6.2.2 Flat-Panel Monitors
  - 6.2.3 Classification of Monitors — Based on Color
  - 6.2.4 Classification of Monitors — Based on Signals
  - 6.2.5 Characteristics of a Monitor
  - 6.2.6 Video Standards
    - 6.2.6.1 VGA
    - 6.2.6.2 SVGA
    - 6.2.6.3 8514/A
    - 6.2.6.4 XGA
    - 6.2.6.5 TI 34010
- 6.3 Printer
  - 6.3.1 Daisy-wheel Printer
  - 6.3.2 Dot-matrix Printer
  - 6.3.3 Ink-jet Printer
  - 6.3.4 Laser Printer
  - 6.3.5 LCD, LED, Line and Thermal Printers
- 6.4 Plotter
- 6.5 Multimedia Projector
- 6.6 Speech Synthesizers
  - 6.6.1 Hardware and Software Speech Synthesizers
- 6.7 Sound Cards and Speakers
- 6.8 Dumb, Smart and Intelligent Terminals
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
07. Storage Devices
- 7.1 Introduction
  - 7.1.1 Classification of Secondary Storage Devices
  - 7.1.2 Advantages of Secondary Storage
- 7.2 Magnetic Tape
  - 7.2.1 Quarter-inch Cartridge (QIC) Tapes
  - 7.2.2 8mm Helical-Scan Tapes
  - 7.2.3 DAT Cartridge
- 7.3 Magnetic Disks
  - 7.3.1 Hard Disks
    - 7.3.1.1 Removable-Pack Disk Systems
    - 7.3.1.2 Winchester Disk Systems
  - 7.3.2 Flexible Disks
    - 7.3.2.1 Floppy Disks
    - 7.3.2.2 Zip Disk
    - 7.3.2.3 Jaz Disk
    - 7.3.2.4 SuperDisk
- 7.4 Optical Disk
  - 7.4.1 CD-ROM
  - 7.4.2 CD-R
  - 7.4.3 CD-RW
  - 7.4.4 DVD
  - 7.4.5 DVD-R and DVD-RW
  - 7.4.6 DVD+R and DVD+RW
  - 7.4.7 Combo Drives
- 7.5 Blu-ray Disc
- 7.6 Magneto-Optical (MO) Disk
- 7.7 Solid State Drive (SSD)
- 7.8 USB Flash Drives
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
08. Computers in Business
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Office Automation
  - 8.2.1 People
  - 8.2.2 Ergonomics
  - 8.2.3 Office Automation Technologies
  - 8.2.4 Office Automation Systems
    - 8.2.4.1 Text Management Systems
    - 8.2.4.2 Business Analysis Systems
    - 8.2.4.3 Document Management Systems
    - 8.2.4.4 Network and Communication Management Systems
- 8.3 Tools for Management Control
  - 8.3.1 Decision Support Systems (DSS)
  - 8.3.2 Executive Information Systems (EIS)
  - 8.3.3 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  - 8.3.4 On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP)
  - 8.3.5 Data Warehousing
  - 8.3.6 Data Mining
- 8.4 Computers in Engineering
  - 8.4.1 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
  - 8.4.2 Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)
  - 8.4.3 Product Data Management (PDM)
  - 8.4.4 Feature Prototyping
  - 8.4.5 Project Management
- 8.5 Mobile Computing
  - 8.5.1 Mobile Newspaper
  - 8.5.2 Telecommuting
  - 8.5.3 Whiteboards
  - 8.5.4 Wireless Mobile Computing
  - 8.5.5 Enabling Technologies
  - 8.5.6 Virtual Organizations
- 8.6 Business on the Internet
  - 8.6.1 Electronic Catalogs
  - 8.6.2 Web Advertising
  - 8.6.3 Secure Transactions
- 8.7 Computer Related Jobs in Business
  - 8.7.1 Earning Potential
  - 8.7.2 Career Options
  - 8.7.3 Academic Preparation
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
09. Data Processing and Database Management Systems
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Data, Information, and Data Processing
  - 9.2.1 Data vs. Information
  - 9.2.2 Attributes/Characteristics of Information
  - 9.2.3 Data Processing
- 9.3 Data and Data Management
- 9.4 File-based Data Management
- 9.5 Database Systems
  - 9.5.1 Why a Database?
- 9.6 Organization of a Database
- 9.7 Characteristics of Data in a Database
- 9.8 Database Management Systems (DBMS)
- 9.9 Components of a DBMS
  - 9.9.1 Query Processor
  - 9.9.2 File Manager
  - 9.9.3 DML Preprocessor
  - 9.9.4 DDL Compiler
  - 9.9.5 Data Dictionary Manager
  - 9.9.6 Database Manager (DM)
- 9.10 Advantages of a DBMS
- 9.11 Benefits of Using a DBMS
- 9.12 Types of DBMS
  - 9.12.1 Hierarchical DBMS
  - 9.12.2 Network DBMS
  - 9.12.3 Relational DBMS
  - 9.12.4 Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS)
- 9.13 Functions of DBMS
- 9.14 Database Users
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
10. Introduction to Software Development
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Software Development Life Cycle Phases
- 10.3 Software Development Process
- 10.4 Overview of SDLC Phases
- 10.5 Project Start-Up
- 10.6 Requirements Analysis and Specification
- 10.7 Systems Analysis
- 10.8 System Design
  - 10.8.1 High-level Design or External Design
  - 10.8.2 Low-level Design or Detailed Design
    - 10.8.2.1 Structured English
    - 10.8.2.2 Flowcharts
    - 10.8.2.3 Pseudocode
    - 10.8.2.4 Data Flow Diagram
    - 10.8.2.5 Data Dictionary
    - 10.8.2.6 Decision Tables
    - 10.8.2.7 Decision Trees
- 10.9 Coding and Unit Testing
- 10.10 System/Integration Testing
- 10.11 Acceptance Testing
- 10.12 Implementation
- 10.13 Project Windup
- 10.14 Project Maintenance
- 10.15 Retirement
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
11. Hardware and Software
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Computer Hardware
- 11.3 Computer Software
- 11.4 Hardware/Software Interaction
  - 11.4.1 Fetch–Decode–Execute Cycle
- 11.5 Classification of Software
  - 11.5.1 Systems Software
    - 11.5.1.1 Operating Systems
    - 11.5.1.2 Utilities
    - 11.5.1.3 Compilers and Interpreters
  - 11.5.2 Applications Software
    - 11.5.2.1 Word Processors
    - 11.5.2.2 Spreadsheets
    - 11.5.2.3 Presentation Software
    - 11.5.2.4 Image Processors
    - 11.5.2.5 Database Management Systems (DBMS)
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
12. Operating Systems
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Functions of an Operating System
- 12.3 Classification of Operating Systems
  - 12.3.1 Desktop Operating Systems
  - 12.3.2 Server Operating Systems
  - 12.3.3 Mainframe Operating Systems
  - 12.3.4 Multi-user Operating Systems
  - 12.3.5 Multiprocessing Operating Systems
  - 12.3.6 Multitasking Operating Systems
  - 12.3.7 Multithreading Operating Systems
  - 12.3.8 Real-time Operating Systems
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
13. Programming Languages
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Machine Languages
- 13.3 Assembly Languages
- 13.4 High-Level Languages
- 13.5 Types of High-level Languages
  - 13.5.1 Procedure-oriented Languages
  - 13.5.2 Problem-oriented Languages
    - 13.5.2.1 Personal Computer Applications Software
    - 13.5.2.2 Query Languages and Report Generators
    - 13.5.2.3 Decision Support Systems
    - 13.5.2.4 Application generators
  - 13.5.3 Natural Languages
- 13.6 Compilers and Interpreters
  - 13.6.1 Compilation Process
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
14. Computer Networks
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Overview of a Network
- 14.3 Types of Networks
  - 14.3.1 Local Area Network (LAN)
  - 14.3.2 Wide Area Network (WAN)
- 14.4 Network Topology
  - 14.4.1 Star Topology
    - 14.4.1.1 Advantages
    - 14.4.1.2 Disadvantages
  - 14.4.2 Ring Topology
    - 14.4.2.1 Advantages
    - 14.4.2.2 Disadvantages
  - 14.4.3 Linear Bus Topology
    - 14.4.3.1 Advantages
    - 14.4.3.2 Disadvantages
  - 14.4.4 Tree Topology
    - 14.4.4.1 Advantages
    - 14.4.4.2 Disadvantages
- 14.5 Network Protocols
- 14.6 Network Architecture
  - 14.6.1 Peer-to-Peer Architecture
  - 14.6.2 Client/Server Architecture
- 14.7 Intranets
  - 14.7.1 Characteristics of Intranet
  - 14.7.2 Advantages of Intranets
  - 14.7.3 Business Benefits of Intranets
  - 14.7.4 Drawbacks of Intranets
  - 14.7.5 Why does an Organization need Intranet?
  - 14.7.6 Benefits of Intranets to Employees and Organizations
- 14.8 Extranet
- 14.9 Relationship between Intranets, Extranets and E-commerce
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions
15. Internet and WWW
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 What is Special About the Internet?
- 15.3 Internet Access
  - 15.3.1 Dial-up Connection
  - 15.3.2 Direct Connection
- 15.4 Internet Basics
  - 15.4.1 What Should I Do?
- 15.5 Internet Protocols
  - 15.5.1 Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
  - 15.5.2 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
  - 15.5.3 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
  - 15.5.4 Telnet
  - 15.5.5 Gopher
  - 15.5.6 WAIS
- 15.6 Internet Addressing
  - 15.6.1 IP Address
  - 15.6.2 Domain Names
  - 15.6.3 Electronic Mail Addresses
  - 15.6.4 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
- 15.7 World Wide Web (WWW)
- 15.8 Web Browsers
  - 15.8.1 Web Browsing
- 15.9 Web Pages and HTML
- 15.10 Searching the Web
  - 15.10.1 Web Index
  - 15.10.2 Web Directory
  - 15.10.3 Search Engines
  - 15.10.4 Meta-search Engines
  - 15.10.5 Making Your Search
- 15.11 Internet Chat
  - 15.11.1 Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
  - 15.11.2 Chatting on Web
- Review Questions
  - Fill in the Blanks
  - True or False
  - Multiple Choice Questions
  - Short Answer Questions
  - Descriptive Questions
  - Essay Questions

Alexis Leon is a Software Consultant, researcher and writer. He has more than 30 years of consulting experiencein the areas of software development, IT, software engineering, internet and WWW, workflow automation, groupware, product design, process improvement, project management, configuration management, quality assurance, productivity improvement, etc. He has written more than 45 books on computing, IT and management. He has worked with companies like Ponds India Ltd and Tata Consultancy Services. He holds a masters degree (M.Tech) in Industrial Engineering. He can be reached through his website at www.alexisleon.com.

Mathews Leon is the Executive Director of L & L Consultancy Services Pvt Ltd, company specialising in web design and development, internet/intranet development, software development, multimedia and CBT development, etc. He has written more than 25 books on computing and IT. He hold a bachelor's degree (B.Tech) in Mechanical Engineering. He can be reached through his web site at http://mathews.lnl.net/.

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