Indian Economy

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Indian Economy

ISBN 9789393161291

Publication Date Sun Apr 01 00:00:00 UTC 2018

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Table of contents

Biographical note

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This comprehensive text on Indian Economy is designed to address the syllabi requirements of all major universities. Written in a lucid language and style, the book is reader-friendly and of tremendous importance to students, academicians and researchers alike.

FEATURES:

 Up-to-date coverage of Five Year Plans

 Detailed coverage of Agriculture in India, Crop pattern and Land Reforms.

 Fundamental topics including unemployment, national income, Poverty, Population and so on.

 Extensive coverage of Industrial Policy, Industrial Development, Large and Small Scale Industries.

 Includes Green Revolution, Land Reforms, Transportation and Foreign Trade.

 Coverage of IT industry, Industrial finance and policy, International Financial Institutions.

 Covers New Economic Reforms since 1991 including globalization, liberalization, privatization and disinvestment.

 Pedagogical features include

 End-of-chapter Review Questions

 Appropriate tables, figures and diagrammatic representation

Cover
Halftitle Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Abbreviations
CHAPTER 1 INDIAN ECONOMY SINCE INDEPENDENCE
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Indian Economy in the Pre-British Period
- 1.3 Indian Economy during the British Period
- 1.4 Indian Economy after Independence
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Meaning and Definition of Underdevelopment
- 2.3 Basic Characteristics of an Underdeveloped Economy
- 2.4 Indicators/Determinants of Economic Development
- 2.5 Obstacles to Economic Developments
- 2.6 Economic Development and Growth
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 3 NATURAL RESOURCES
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Resources and Economic Development
- 3.3 Land Resources
- 3.4 Forest Resources
- 3.5 Water Resources
- 3.6 Mineral Resources
- 3.7 Fishery Resources
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 4 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Human Capital
- 4.3 Human Development
- 4.4 HDI for Various States in India
- 4.5 Indicators of Human Development
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 5 INFRASTRUCTURE
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Meaning of Infrastructure
- 5.3 Infrastructure and Economic Development
- 5.4 Communication
- 5.5 Energy
- 5.6 Power
- 5.7 Transport System in India
- 5.8 Railway Transport in India
- 5.9 Roadways Transport in India
- 5.10 Waterways Transport in India
- 5.11 Airways Transport in India
- 5.12 Pipeline Transport in India
- 5.13 Education
- 5.14 Health
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 6 POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Absolute and Relative Poverty
- 6.3 Studies of Poverty in India
- 6.4 Poverty Line
- 6.5 Nature and Causes of Poverty
- 6.6 Need for Removal of Poverty
- 6.7 Measures to Reduce Poverty
- 6.8 Poverty Eradication Programme – A Review
- 6.9 Inequality of Income
- 6.10 Causes of Inequalities of Income
- 6.11 Evils or Consequences of Inequalities of Income
- 6.12 Methods of Reducing Inequalities of Income
  - Marxist Method
  - Fiscal Method
- 6.13 International Comparisons of Poverty and Inequality of Incomes
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 7 NATIONAL INCOME
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Meaning
- 7.3 Definition
- 7.4 Other views
- 7.5 National Product, National Income and National Expenditure
- 7.6 Concepts of National Income
- 7.7 Circular Flow of Income
- 7.8 Measurement of National Income [Computation]
- 7.9 Significance of National Income Data
- 7.10 Difficulties in the Measurement of National Income
- 7.11 Causes for the Slow Growth of National Income in India
- 7.12 Recommendation to Increase the National Income of India
- 7.13 Estimates of National Income
- 7.14 Trends in NI – Growth & Structure
- 7.15 Regional Development Disparities
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 8 POPULATION
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Population in India
- 8.3 Causes of the Rapid Growth of Population
- 8.4 Consequences of Population Growth
- 8.5 Remedial Measures for Population Explosion
- 8.6 Theories of Population
- 8.7 Population Policy in India
- 8.8 Family Planning Programme
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 9 UNEMPLOYMENT
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Meaning and Definition
- 9.3 Nature of Unemployment in India
- 9.4 Extent and Magnitude of Unemployment in India
- 9.5 Causes of Unemployment
- 9.6 Types of Unemployment
- 9.7 Remedial Measures for Unemployment
- 9.8 Employment Generation Programmes and Policies
- 9.9 Committees on Unemployment
- 9.10 Employment Policy during Plan Period
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 10 LABOUR AND LABOUR LEGISLATION
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Labour Efficiency
- 10.3 Causes for Labour Inefficiency
- 10.4 Remedial Measures for Labour Inefficiency
- 10.5 Industrial Labour – Features
- 10.6 Industrial Relations
- 10.7 Industrial Disputes
- 10.8 Labour Legislation
- 10.9 Labour Welfare & Social Security Measures
- 10.10 Computerisation and Labour
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 11 TRADE UNION IN INDIA
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 History and Growth of Trade Union Movement in India
- 11.3 Role and Functions of Trade Unions
- 11.4 Weakness of Trade Unions
- 11.5 Measures/Suggestions to Strengthen the Trade Union Movement
- 11.6 Trade Union and Collective Bargaining
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 12 PLANNING IN INDIA
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Meaning and Definition of Planning
- 12.3 Nature and Scope of Planning
- 12.4 Features/Characteristics of Planning
- 12.5 Objectives of Planning in India
- 12.6 Types/Forms of Planning
- 12.7 Planning Commission in India
- 12.8 Decentralized Planning
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 13 FIFTY YEARS OF PLANNING IN INDIA – PLAN I TO VIII
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 First Five Year Plan – [1951-52 to 1955-56]
- 13.3 Second Five Year Plan [1956 – 57 to 1960 – 61]
- 13.4 Third Five Year Plan [1961-62 to 1965 – 66]
- 13.5 Annual Plans [1966-67 to 1968-69]
- 13.6 Fourth Five Year Plan [1969-1970 to 1973-74]
- 13.7 Fifth Five Year Plan [1974-75 to 1977-78]
- 13.8 Sixth Five Year Plan [1978-83] & [1980-85]
- 13.9 Seventh Five Year Plan [1985 – 86 to 1989 – 90]
- 13.10 Annual Plans [1990 – 92]
- 13.11 Eighth Five Year Plan [1992 – 93 to 1996-97
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 14 FIVE YEAR PLANS OF INDIA – PLAN IX TO XII
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Ninth Five Year Plan [1997–1998 to 2001–2002]
- 14.3 Tenth Five Year Plan [2002 – 03 to 2006 – 2007]
- 14.4 Eleventh Five Year Plan [2007 – 08 to 2011 – 2012]
- 14.5 Twelfth Five Year Plan [2012 – 13 to 2016 – 17]
- 14.6 Planning in India during Last Fifty Years – An Assessment
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 15 AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Role of Agriculture in Economic Development
- 15.3 Features of Indian Agriculture
- 15.4 Agricultural Sector and Its Problems
- 15.5 Factors Responsible for Slow Growth Rate in Agriculture
- 15.6 Agriculture under Plan Period and Its Growth
- 15.7 Growth of Agriculture during Plan Periods
- 15.8 Interdependence between Agriculture and Industry
- 15.9 Contribution of Agriculture to Economic Development
- 15.10 Agricultural Policy of India
- 15.11 National Agricultural Policy – 2000 (NAP-2000)
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 16 CROP PATTERN
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Important Crops in India
- 16.3 Crop Pattern
- 16.4 Objectives of Cropping System
- 16.5 Features of the Cropping Pattern
- 16.6 Factors Determining Cropping Pattern
- 16.7 Changes in Cropping Pattern in India
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 17 LAND REFORMS
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Land Reforms – Meaning, Objectives and Needs
- 17.3 Land Tenure System
- 17.4 Land Reform Measures
- 17.5 An Appraisal of Land Reforms in India
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 18 GREEN REVOLUTION AND MECHANISATION
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 New Agricultural Strategy
- 18.3 Green Revolution
- 18.4 Second Phase of Green Revolution
- 18.5 Intensive Agricultural District Programmes [IADP]
- 18.6 High Yielding Variety Programme (HYVP)
- 18.7 Mechanisation of Agriculture
- 18.8 Arguments for and against Mechanisation
- 18.9 Mechanisation and Indian Agriculture
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 19 AGRICULTURE – PROBLEMS AND PRODUCTIVITY
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 General Problems of Agriculture in India
- 19.3 Agricultural Holdings
- 19.4 Sub-division and Fragmentation of Holdings in India
- 19.5 Productivity in Agriculture
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 20 AGRICULTURAL INPUTS
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Irrigation
- 20.3 Seeds
- 20.4 Fertilizers and Manures
- 20.5 Pesticides and Plant Protection
- 20.6 Machinery/Mechanisation and Power
- 20.7 Livestock and Animal Husbandry [Cattle Feed and Fodder]
- 20.8 Rural Electrification
- 20.9 Soil Conservation and Dry Farming
- 20.10 Land Reclamation and Development
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 21 AGRICULTURAL PRICE POLICY
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 Need and Objectives of Agricultural Price Policy [APP]
- 21.3 Price-Policy: Role and Functions
- 21.4 Features and Effects of Agricultural Price Policy in India
- 21.5 Instruments of Price Policy
- 21.6 Suggestions for Improvement in Agricultural Prices
- 21.7 Commission for Agricultural Cost and Prices [CACP]
- 21.8 Agricultural Price Policy [APP] in India
- 21.9 Buffer Stocks
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 22 FOOD PROBLEM – SECURITY AND POLICY
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 Food Problem: Nature and Causes
- 22.3 Remedial Measures for Food Problem
- 22.4 Government’s Policy for Food Problem
- 22.5 Food Security in India – Meaning & Definition
- 22.6 Foodgrains Security, Food Security and Food Self-Sufficiency
- 22.7 Government’s Programme for Food Security
- 22.8 Distribution of Foodgrains – PDS & TPDS
- 22.9 Food Corporation of India [FCI]
- 22.10 Food Policy in India
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 23 AGRICULTURAL MARKETING AND WAREHOUSING
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Meaning, Definition & Objectives of Agricultural Marketing
- 23.3 Features of Markets for Agricultural Commodities
- 23.4 Agricultural Marketing System/Methods in India
- 23.5 Defects/Problems of Agricultural Marketing
- 23.6 The Regulated Markets
- 23.7 Cooperative Marketing in India
- 23.8 Warehousing in India
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 24 AGRICULTURAL FINANCE
- 24.1 Introduction
- 24.2 Agricultural Credit – Needs and Features
- 24.3 Sources of Agricultural Finance / Credit and Its Role
- 24.4 Rural Indebtedness
- 24.5 A Profile of Institutional Agencies in Agricultural Finance
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 25 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
- 25.1 Introduction
- 25.2 Industry and Economic Development
- 25.3 Pattern of Industrial Development
- 25.4 Problems of Industrial Development
- 25.5 Suggestions for Rapid Industrial Growth
- 25.6 Industrial Development under the Plan Period
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 26 PUBLIC SECTOR AND PRIVATE SECTOR
- 26.1 Introduction
- 26.2 Industry
- 26.3 Public Sector / Public Enterprises
- 26.4 Private Sector
- 26.5 Differences between Public and Private Companies
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 27 LARGE-SCALE INDUSTRIES AND MODERNIZATION
- 27.1 Introduction
- 27.2 Importance of LSI
- 27.3 A Brief Description of LSI
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 28 SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES
- 28.1 Introduction
- 28.2 Definition and Meaning of Small-Scale & Cottage Industries
- 28.3 Differences between Cottage and SSI
- 28.4 Importance and the Role of SSI & Cottage Industry in Indian Economy
- 28.5 Weakness or the Problems of SSI in India
- 28.6 Encouragement to SSI
- 28.7 Cottage & SSI in the Plan Period
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 29 INDUSTRIAL SICKNESS
- 29.1 Introduction
- 29.2 Meaning & Definition of Sickness
- 29.3 Symptoms & Actual Sickness
- 29.4 Causes of Industrial Sickness
- 29.5 Measures to Prevent Sickness
- 29.6 Magnitude of Industrial Sickness
- 29.7 Impact on Economy
- 29.8 Rehabilitation of Sick Units
- 29.9 Government Policies
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 30 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY
- 30.1 Introduction
- 30.2 Definitions
- 30.3 Emergence of Knowledge Economy
- 30.4 IT in India – Its Growth
- 30.5 Present Status and Future Prospects of IT-Industry for Economic Development
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 31 INDUSTRIAL FINANCE
- 31.1 Introduction
- 31.2 Meaning & the Need
- 31.3 Sources of Finance
- 31.4 Shortcomings & Remedial Measures
- 31.5 All-India Level Financial Institutions
- 31.6 State Level Financial Institution
- 31.7 Investment Institutions
- 31.8 Specialised Financial Institutions
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 32 INDUSTRIAL POLICY
- 32.1 Introduction
- 32.2 Industrial Policy
- 32.3 Evolution of Industrial Policy Revolution in India
- 32.4 Industrial Licensing Policy
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 33 PUBLIC FINANCE
- 33.1 Introduction
- 33.2 Definition and Meaning of Public Finance
- 33.3 The Scope and Importance of Public Finance
- 33.4 Public Revenue
- 33.5 Canons/Principles of Taxation
- 33.6 Types/Classification of Taxes
- 33.7 Taxable Capacity
- 33.8 Public Expenditure
- 33.9 Fiscal Policy in India
- 33.10 Components of Fiscal Policy
- 33.11 Monetary and Fiscal Policies
- 33.12 Fiscal Policy in the Liberalised Era
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 34 FOREIGN TRADE
- 34.1 Introduction
- 34.2 History/Evolution of India’s Foreign Trade
- 34.3 Role of Foreign Trade in Economic Development
- 34.4 Features of International Trade
- 34.5 Inter-Regional Trade and International Trade
- 34.6 Advantages of International Trade
- 34.7 Disadvantages of International Trade
- 34.8 Theories of International Trade
- 34.9 Components of Foreign Trade
- 34.10 Foreign Trade during the Plan Period
- 34.11 Composition of Foreign Trade
- 34.12 Direction of Trade
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 35 BALANCE OF TRADE & BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
- 35.1 Introduction
- 35.2 Definitions
- 35.3 Meaning
- 35.4 BOP - Disequilibrium
- 35.5 Types of Disequilibrium
- 35.6 Methods of Correcting an Unfavourable Balance of Payment
- 35.7 Free Trade vs Protection Trade
- 35.8 Structure of Balance of Payment
- 35.9 Components of Balance of Payments
- 35.10 The Structure of Balance of Payments Accounts in India
- 35.11 EXIM – Bank
- 35.12 Exchange Rate
- 35.13 Foreign Direct Investment
- 35.14 EXIM Policy
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 36 INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
- 36.1 Introduction
- 36.2 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development [IBRD/World Bank]
- 36.3 International Monetary Fund [IMF]
- 36.4 General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs [GATT]
- 36.5 International Finance Corporation [IFC]
- 36.6 Industrial Development Association [IDA]
- 36.7 Asian Development Bank (ADB)
- 36.8 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [UNCTAD]
- 36.9 United Nations Industrial Development Organisation [UNIDO]
- 36.10 World Trade Organisation [WTO]
- Review Questions
CHAPTER 37 NEW ECONOMIC REFORMS
- 37.1 Introduction
- 37.2 Economic Reforms in India
- 37.3 Liberalization
- 37.4 Privatization
- 37.5 Disinvestment
- 37.6 Globalization
- 37.7 New Economic Policy/Reforms
- Review Questions
Index

T. Arya Mala is Asst. Prof, Department of Commerce, Asan Memorial College of Arts and Science, Chennai. She has over 15 years of teaching experience and is currently pursuing her Ph.D. in Gender Budgeting. Her areas of specialization are Business Economics, Managerial Economics and Indian Economy.

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